Entry Name Mineral absorption
Description Minerals are one of the five fundamental groups of nutrients needed to sustain life. Of the minerals, calcium plays innumerable roles in our bodies, serving as a main component of bone as well as an intracellular messenger in muscle contraction/relaxation, neural networks, the immune system, and endocrine/exocrine cells. Iron, copper, and other metals are required for redox reactions (as cofactors) and for oxygen transport and binding (in hemoglobin and myoglobin). Many enzymes require specific metal atoms to complete their catalytic functions. Animal tissues need moderate quantities of some elements (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, S, and Cl) and trace amounts of others (Mn, Fe, I, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Se). The minerals are absorbed by either passive or active transport systems through the intestinal mucosa, often using specialized transport proteins, such as ferritin for Fe3+ and vitamin D-induced protein for calcium.
Class Organismal Systems; Digestive systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Orthology K01538 FXYD2, ATP1G1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma (FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 2)
K01539 ATP1A; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
K01540 ATP1B, CD298; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta
K04975 TRPV6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6
K04981 TRPM6, CHAK2; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6 [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K04982 TRPM7, CHAK1; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K05011 CLCN2; chloride channel 2
K05334 SLC6A19; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter) member 19
K05849 SLC8A, NCX; solute carrier family 8 (sodium/calcium exchanger)
K07213 ATOX1, ATX1, copZ, golB; copper chaperone
K08370 CYBRD1, Dcytb; plasma membrane ascorbate-dependent reductase [EC:7.2.1.3 ]
K08539 VDR, NR1I1; vitamin D3 receptor
K12040 SLC9A3, NHE3; solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3
K13625 FTL; ferritin light chain
K14078 SLC26A3, DRA; solute carrier family 26 (chloride anion exchanger), member 3
K14158 SLC5A1, SGLT1; solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1
K14613 SLC46A1; MFS transporter, PCFT/HCP family, solute carrier family 46 (folate transporter), member 1
K14683 SLC34A, NPT, nptA; solute carrier family 34 (sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter)
K14685 SLC40A1, FPN1; solute carrier family 40 (iron-regulated transporter), member 1
K14686 SLC31A1, CTR1; solute carrier family 31 (copper transporter), member 1
K14688 SLC30A1, ZNT1; solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 1
K14704 SLC26A6; solute carrier family 26 (sulfate anion transporter), member 6
K14706 SLC26A9; solute carrier family 26 (sulfate anion transporter), member 9
K14710 SLC39A4, ZIP4; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 4
K14737 STEAP1; metalloreductase STEAP1 [EC:1.16.1.-]
K14738 STEAP2; metalloreductase STEAP2 [EC:1.16.1.-]
K14739 MT1_2; metallothionein 1/2
K21398 SLC11A2, DMT1, NRAMP2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2
Compound Reference Authors Perez AV, Picotto G, Carpentieri AR, Rivoira MA, Peralta Lopez ME, Tolosa de Talamoni NG
Title Minireview on regulation of intestinal calcium absorption. Emphasis on molecular mechanisms of transcellular pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Khanal RC, Nemere I
Title Regulation of intestinal calcium transport.
Journal Reference Authors Hoenderop JG, Nilius B, Bindels RJ
Title Calcium absorption across epithelia.
Journal Reference Authors Bouillon R, Van Cromphaut S, Carmeliet G
Title Intestinal calcium absorption: Molecular vitamin D mediated mechanisms.
Journal Reference Authors Chua AC, Graham RM, Trinder D, Olynyk JK
Title The regulation of cellular iron metabolism.
Journal Reference Authors West AR, Oates PS
Title Mechanisms of heme iron absorption: current questions and controversies.
Journal Reference Authors Dunn LL, Rahmanto YS, Richardson DR
Title Iron uptake and metabolism in the new millennium.
Journal Reference Authors Donovan A, Roy CN, Andrews NC
Title The ins and outs of iron homeostasis.
Journal Reference Authors Lonnerdal B
Title Intestinal regulation of copper homeostasis: a developmental perspective.
Journal Reference Authors Prohaska JR
Title Role of copper transporters in copper homeostasis.
Journal Reference Authors Wang X, Zhou B
Title Dietary zinc absorption: A play of Zips and ZnTs in the gut.
Journal Reference Authors Lichten LA, Cousins RJ
Title Mammalian zinc transporters: nutritional and physiologic regulation.
Journal Reference Authors Quamme GA
Title Recent developments in intestinal magnesium absorption.
Journal Reference Authors Donowitz M, Mohan S, Zhu CX, Chen TE, Lin R, Cha B, Zachos NC, Murtazina R, Sarker R, Li X
Title NHE3 regulatory complexes.
Journal Reference Authors Kato A, Romero MF
Title Regulation of Electroneutral NaCl Absorption by the Small Intestine.
Journal Reference Authors Sabbagh Y, O'Brien SP, Song W, Boulanger JH, Stockmann A, Arbeeny C, Schiavi SC
Title Intestinal npt2b plays a major role in phosphate absorption and homeostasis.
Journal Reference Authors Marks J, Srai SK, Biber J, Murer H, Unwin RJ, Debnam ES
Title Intestinal phosphate absorption and the effect of vitamin D: a comparison of rats with mice.
Journal Related ko04973 Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
ko04974 Protein digestion and absorption
