KEGG   PATHWAY: pdul04626
Entry
pdul04626                   Pathway                                
Name
Plant-pathogen interaction - Prunus dulcis (almond)
Description
Plants lack animal-like adaptive immunity mechanisms, and therefore have evolved a specific system with multiple layers against invading pathogens. The primary response includes the perception of pathogens by cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and is referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Activation of FLS2 and EFR triggers MAPK signaling pathway that activates defense genes for antimictobial compounds. The increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is also a regulator for production of reactive oxygen species and localized programmed cell death/hypersensitive response. The secondary response is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pathogens can acquire the ability to suppress PTI by directly injecting effector proteins into the plant cell through secretion systems. In addition, pathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to evade host immune responses using coronatine toxin. Some plants possess specific intracellular surveillance proteins (R proteins) to monitor the presence of pathogen virulence proteins. This ETI occurs with localized programmed cell death to arrest pathogen growth, resulting in cultivar-specific disease resistance.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
Pathway map
pdul04626  Plant-pathogen interaction
pdul04626

Organism
Prunus dulcis (almond) [GN:pdul]
Gene
117616296  calcium-dependent protein kinase 24-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117618562  calcium-dependent protein kinase 1-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117629356  calcium-dependent protein kinase 10-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117619153  calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117630778  calcium-dependent protein kinase 13 isoform X1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117620683  calcium-dependent protein kinase SK5-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117633679  calcium-dependent protein kinase 28-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117633730  calcium-dependent protein kinase 20-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117633748  calcium-dependent protein kinase 8-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117634035  calcium-dependent protein kinase 29 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117634165  calcium-dependent protein kinase 26-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117624056  calcium-dependent protein kinase 34 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117624241  calcium-dependent protein kinase 8-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117624305  calcium-dependent protein kinase 2-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117624599  calcium-dependent protein kinase 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117625529  calcium-dependent protein kinase 8-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117636472  calcium-dependent protein kinase 11-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117636570  calcium-dependent protein kinase 11-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117627527  calcium-dependent protein kinase 1-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117638790  calcium-dependent protein kinase 26 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117633963  CDPK-related kinase 5 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117634014  CDPK-related kinase 7-like [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117618652  CDPK-related kinase 3 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117618860  CDPK-related kinase 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117627809  respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117628461  respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein F-like isoform X1 [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117631364  respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein B [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117634574  respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein E [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117626310  respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117627043  respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein F-like isoform X1 [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117627705  respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein A [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117624753  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 17-like [KO:K27629]
117616512  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117616616  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117628046  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117617216  uncharacterized protein LOC117617216 isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117617584  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117617616  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117617995  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117618356  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117619124  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117630551  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117619653  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2-like [KO:K05391]
117619705  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117631240  protein CNGC15b [KO:K05391]
117620052  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117620053  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117620063  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117620084  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117620119  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117631454  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117631944  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117621399  putative cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 8 isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117633455  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117622497  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 20, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117622570  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 [KO:K05391]
117622757  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 18 [KO:K05391]
117624280  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117634847  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117612247  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117612248  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117635505  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117612892  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391]
117612893  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117615845  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 14 [KO:K05391]
117627430  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 20, chloroplastic [KO:K05391]
117627709  probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 16 isoform X1 [KO:K05391]
117624758  cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4 [KO:K05391]
117628482  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
117628707  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
117628800  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
117623463  probable calcium-binding protein CML46 [KO:K02183]
117634573  calmodulin-7 [KO:K02183]
117613936  calcium-binding protein CP1 [KO:K02183]
117625761  calmodulin-7 [KO:K02183]
117616012  probable calcium-binding protein CML45 [KO:K02183]
117628475  probable calcium-binding protein CML46 [KO:K02183]
117616122  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K13448]
117627913  calcium-binding protein CML38-like [KO:K13448]
117627954  probable calcium-binding protein CML31 [KO:K13448]
117628197  probable calcium-binding protein CML27 [KO:K13448]
117628356  probable calcium-binding protein CML13 [KO:K13448]
117629940  calcium-binding allergen Bet v 3 [KO:K13448]
117619513  probable calcium-binding protein CML16 isoform X1 [KO:K13448]
117620551  probable calcium-binding protein CML23 [KO:K13448]
117620695  polcalcin Bet v 4 [KO:K13448]
117632286  probable calcium-binding protein CML48 [KO:K13448]
117632628  probable calcium-binding protein CML21 [KO:K13448]
117622725  calcium-binding protein CML38 [KO:K13448]
117634489  probable calcium-binding protein CML20 [KO:K13448]
117634519  probable calcium-binding protein CML41 [KO:K13448]
117634603  calcium-binding protein CBP-like [KO:K13448]
117635161  calmodulin-like protein 30 [KO:K13448]
117612147  calmodulin-like protein 30 [KO:K13448]
117635666  probable calcium-binding protein CML36 [KO:K13448]
117614148  probable calcium-binding protein CML22 [KO:K13448]
117626086  probable calcium-binding protein CML25 [KO:K13448]
117615031  uncharacterized protein LOC117615031 [KO:K13448]
117615177  probable calcium-binding protein CML41 [KO:K13448]
117627125  probable calcium-binding protein CML15 [KO:K13448]
117637441  calmodulin-like protein 11 [KO:K13448]
117637536  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K13448]
117637634  calmodulin-like protein 11 [KO:K13448]
117615622  probable calcium-binding protein CML44 [KO:K13448]
117627744  probable calcium-binding protein CML18 [KO:K13448]
117617733  putative nitric oxide synthase isoform X1 [KO:K13427] [EC:1.14.13.39]
117617072  mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog MMK2 [KO:K20600] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117624621  LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase FLS2 [KO:K13420] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117630544  BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1-like [KO:K13416] [EC:2.7.10.1 2.7.11.1]
117614504  BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1-like [KO:K13416] [EC:2.7.10.1 2.7.11.1]
117628645  elongation factor Tu, chloroplastic [KO:K02358]
117621318  elongation factor Tu, chloroplastic-like [KO:K02358]
117636604  elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial [KO:K02358]
117636164  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1-like [KO:K13414] [EC:2.7.11.25]
117635782  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
117630792  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K20536] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117634088  mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog MMK1 [KO:K14512] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117629919  probable WRKY transcription factor 33 [KO:K13424]
117630791  WRKY transcription factor WRKY24-like [KO:K13424]
117618934  WRKY transcription factor 22 [KO:K13425]
117628061  probable WRKY transcription factor 29 isoform X1 [KO:K13426]
117622064  glycerol kinase [KO:K00864] [EC:2.7.1.30]
117634435  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117612191  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117612405  pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637176  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637190  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637197  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13449]
117637198  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637199  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637365  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637388  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637404  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637425  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637440  pathogenesis-related leaf protein 4-like [KO:K13449]
117637442  pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637443  pathogenesis-related protein PR-1 type-like [KO:K13449]
117637444  pathogenesis-related leaf protein 4-like [KO:K13449]
117637445  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637446  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637595  pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117637648  pathogenesis-related leaf protein 4-like [KO:K13449]
117637724  pathogenesis-related leaf protein 6-like [KO:K13449]
117637815  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117638029  pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117638556  pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117638557  basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like [KO:K13449]
117623745  pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI5-like [KO:K13433]
117629661  pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI6-like [KO:K13434]
117633090  pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI6-like [KO:K13434]
117620912  pto-interacting protein 1 [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117613088  PTI1-like tyrosine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117613418  PTI1-like tyrosine-protein kinase 3 [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117614811  pto-interacting protein 1 [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117624110  NOI-like protein [KO:K13456]
117624112  NOI-like protein [KO:K13456]
117636431  RPM1-interacting protein 4 [KO:K13456]
117627775  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117627776  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117627931  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117628041  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117628744  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117629273  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117629971  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117630405  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117630413  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117630415  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117631793  disease resistance protein RPM1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13457]
117631825  disease resistance protein RPM1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13457]
117625280  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117636330  disease resistance protein RPM1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13457]
117636331  disease resistance protein RPM1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13457]
117636332  disease resistance protein RPM1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13457]
117636335  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117636385  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117636638  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117636862  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117636864  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117636867  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117637066  disease resistance protein RPM1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13457]
117638185  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117638832  disease resistance protein RPM1-like [KO:K13457]
117618502  cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein RAR1 [KO:K13458]
117618782  protein SGT1 homolog [KO:K12795]
117621289  heat shock protein 90-6, mitochondrial [KO:K09487]
117633059  heat shock protein 90-5, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K09487]
117614038  endoplasmin homolog [KO:K09487]
117618568  heat shock protein 83 [KO:K04079]
117629610  heat shock protein 90-2 [KO:K04079]
117620928  probable disease resistance protein At4g27220 [KO:K13459]
117636879  disease resistance protein At4g27190-like [KO:K13459]
117625397  disease resistance protein At4g27190-like [KO:K13459]
117621488  probable serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL7 isoform X1 [KO:K13430] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117626966  serine/threonine-protein kinase PBS1 [KO:K13430] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117628065  protein EDS1L-like [KO:K18875]
117627270  protein EDS1L-like [KO:K18875]
117619296  probable cysteine protease RD19D [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
117636823  cysteine protease RD19A-like [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
117614355  cysteine proteinase 15A-like [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
117616479  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117617629  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 19-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117617630  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 19-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117617631  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 19-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117617865  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 19-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117617866  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 19-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117630875  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 20 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117619754  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 5-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117620016  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 1 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117631905  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 12-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117635008  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117613258  probable 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 21 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117613536  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 19-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117636423  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 1-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117614520  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 10 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117637098  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 4-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117637965  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117638265  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 7-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117638358  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 7-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117638434  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 4 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117638620  3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 15-like [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
117620818  WRKY transcription factor 1 [KO:K18834]
117629885  probable WRKY transcription factor 2 [KO:K18835]
117630854  probable WRKY transcription factor 2 [KO:K18835]
117617186  receptor-like protein EIX2 [KO:K13466]
117618061  receptor-like protein EIX2 [KO:K13466]
117618294  receptor-like protein EIX2 [KO:K13466]
117620343  receptor-like protein EIX2 [KO:K13466]
117618451  receptor-like protein EIX1 [KO:K13466]
117620789  lysM domain receptor-like kinase 3 [KO:K13429]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
Reference
  Authors
Zipfel C
  Title
Pattern-recognition receptors in plant innate immunity.
  Journal
Curr Opin Immunol 20:10-6 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2007.11.003
Reference
  Authors
Chinchilla D, Shan L, He P, de Vries S, Kemmerling B
  Title
One for all: the receptor-associated kinase BAK1.
  Journal
Trends Plant Sci 14:535-41 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.08.002
Reference
  Authors
Boller T, He SY
  Title
Innate immunity in plants: an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens.
  Journal
Science 324:742-4 (2009)
DOI:10.1126/science.1171647
Reference
  Authors
Ma W, Smigel A, Verma R, Berkowitz GA
  Title
Cyclic nucleotide gated channels and related signaling components in plant innate immunity.
  Journal
Plant Signal Behav 4:277-82 (2009)
DOI:10.4161/psb.4.4.8103
Reference
  Authors
Asai T, Tena G, Plotnikova J, Willmann MR, Chiu WL, Gomez-Gomez L, Boller T, Ausubel FM, Sheen J
  Title
MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity.
  Journal
Nature 415:977-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415977a
Reference
  Authors
Zipfel C, Felix G
  Title
Plants and animals: a different taste for microbes?
  Journal
Curr Opin Plant Biol 8:353-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2005.05.004
Reference
  Authors
He P, Shan L, Sheen J
  Title
Elicitation and suppression of microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in plant-microbe interactions.
  Journal
Cell Microbiol 9:1385-96 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00944.x
Reference
  Authors
de Wit PJ
  Title
How plants recognize pathogens and defend themselves.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 64:2726-32 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-007-7284-7
Reference
  Authors
Chisholm ST, Coaker G, Day B, Staskawicz BJ
  Title
Host-microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response.
  Journal
Cell 124:803-14 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.008
Reference
  Authors
McHale L, Tan X, Koehl P, Michelmore RW
  Title
Plant NBS-LRR proteins: adaptable guards.
  Journal
Genome Biol 7:212 (2006)
DOI:10.1186/gb-2006-7-4-212
Reference
  Authors
Dangl JL, Jones JD
  Title
Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection.
  Journal
Nature 411:826-33 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35081161
Reference
  Authors
Jones JD, Dangl JL
  Title
The plant immune system.
  Journal
Nature 444:323-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nature05286
Reference
  Authors
da Cunha L, McFall AJ, Mackey D
  Title
Innate immunity in plants: a continuum of layered defenses.
  Journal
Microbes Infect 8:1372-81 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.12.018
Reference
  Authors
Mudgett MB
  Title
New insights to the function of phytopathogenic bacterial type III effectors in plants.
  Journal
Annu Rev Plant Biol 56:509-31 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144218
Reference
  Authors
Ma W, Berkowitz GA
  Title
The grateful dead: calcium and cell death in plant innate immunity.
  Journal
Cell Microbiol 9:2571-85 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01031.x
Reference
  Authors
Schulze-Lefert P
  Title
Plant immunity: the origami of receptor activation.
  Journal
Curr Biol 14:R22-4 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2003.12.017
Reference
PMID:9868361
  Authors
Van der Biezen EA, Jones JD
  Title
Plant disease-resistance proteins and the gene-for-gene concept.
  Journal
Trends Biochem Sci 23:454-6 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01311-5
Reference
  Authors
Abramovitch RB, Anderson JC, Martin GB
  Title
Bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7:601-11 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1984
Related
pathway
pdul04144  Endocytosis
KO pathway
ko04626   
LinkDB

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