Entry
Name
Plant-pathogen interaction - Prunus dulcis (almond)
Description
Plants lack animal-like adaptive immunity mechanisms, and therefore have evolved a specific system with multiple layers against invading pathogens. The primary response includes the perception of pathogens by cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and is referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Activation of FLS2 and EFR triggers MAPK signaling pathway that activates defense genes for antimictobial compounds. The increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is also a regulator for production of reactive oxygen species and localized programmed cell death/hypersensitive response. The secondary response is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pathogens can acquire the ability to suppress PTI by directly injecting effector proteins into the plant cell through secretion systems. In addition, pathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to evade host immune responses using coronatine toxin. Some plants possess specific intracellular surveillance proteins (R proteins) to monitor the presence of pathogen virulence proteins. This ETI occurs with localized programmed cell death to arrest pathogen growth, resulting in cultivar-specific disease resistance.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Prunus dulcis (almond) [GN:
pdul ]
Gene
117627809 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117628461 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein F-like isoform X1 [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117631364 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein B [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117634574 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein E [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117626310 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117627043 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein F-like isoform X1 [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117627705 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein A [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
117616512 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117617616 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391 ]
117619124 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117620052 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117620084 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like [KO:K05391 ]
117620119 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117631944 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117621399 putative cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 8 isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117633455 probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117622497 probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 20, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117612247 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117612893 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117627430 probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 20, chloroplastic [KO:K05391 ]
117627709 probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 16 isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
117637197 basic form of pathogenesis-related protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13449 ]
117623745 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI5-like [KO:K13433 ]
117629661 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI6-like [KO:K13434 ]
117633090 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI6-like [KO:K13434 ]
117618502 cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein RAR1 [KO:K13458 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Zipfel C
Title
Pattern-recognition receptors in plant innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chinchilla D, Shan L, He P, de Vries S, Kemmerling B
Title
One for all: the receptor-associated kinase BAK1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boller T, He SY
Title
Innate immunity in plants: an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ma W, Smigel A, Verma R, Berkowitz GA
Title
Cyclic nucleotide gated channels and related signaling components in plant innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Asai T, Tena G, Plotnikova J, Willmann MR, Chiu WL, Gomez-Gomez L, Boller T, Ausubel FM, Sheen J
Title
MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zipfel C, Felix G
Title
Plants and animals: a different taste for microbes?
Journal
Reference
Authors
He P, Shan L, Sheen J
Title
Elicitation and suppression of microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in plant-microbe interactions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Wit PJ
Title
How plants recognize pathogens and defend themselves.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chisholm ST, Coaker G, Day B, Staskawicz BJ
Title
Host-microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response.
Journal
Reference
Authors
McHale L, Tan X, Koehl P, Michelmore RW
Title
Plant NBS-LRR proteins: adaptable guards.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dangl JL, Jones JD
Title
Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jones JD, Dangl JL
Title
The plant immune system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
da Cunha L, McFall AJ, Mackey D
Title
Innate immunity in plants: a continuum of layered defenses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mudgett MB
Title
New insights to the function of phytopathogenic bacterial type III effectors in plants.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ma W, Berkowitz GA
Title
The grateful dead: calcium and cell death in plant innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schulze-Lefert P
Title
Plant immunity: the origami of receptor activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Van der Biezen EA, Jones JD
Title
Plant disease-resistance proteins and the gene-for-gene concept.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Abramovitch RB, Anderson JC, Martin GB
Title
Bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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