KEGG   PATHWAY: rn00550
Entry
rn00550                     Pathway                                
Name
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Description
Peptidoglycan is a macromolecule made of long aminosugar strands cross-linked by short peptides. It forms the cell wall in bacteria surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane. The glycan strands are typically comprised of repeating N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) disaccharides. Each MurNAc is linked to a peptide of three to five amino acid residues. Disaccharide subunits are first assembled on the cytoplasmic side of the bacterial membrane on a polyisoprenoid anchor (lipid I and II). Polymerization of disaccharide subunits by transglycosylases and cross-linking of glycan strands by transpeptidases occur on the other side of the membrane. Bacterial cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors form a major class of antibiotics.
Class
Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
Pathway map
rn00550  Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
rn00550

Reaction
R00660  phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase
R01150  D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
R02783  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine:D-glutamate ligase (ADP-forming)
R02786  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:L-lysine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)
R02788  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:(L)-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)
R03191  UDP-N-acetylmuramate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
R03192  UDP-N-acetylmuramate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
R03193  UDP-N-acetylmuramate:L-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
R04573  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine:alanyl-D-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
R04617  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate:D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase (ADP-forming)
R05030  beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol:L-glutamine amidoligase (ADP-forming)
R05032  UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminlytransferase
R05626  ATP:undecaprenol phosphotransferase
R05627  undecaprenyl-diphosphate phosphohydrolase
R05629  UDPMurAc(oyl-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala):undecaprenyl-phosphate phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase
R05630  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine:undecaprenyl-phosphate phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase
R05662  UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramyl(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminlytransferase
R06447  (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate cistransferase (adding 8 isopentenyl units)
R08776  glycyl-tRNA:undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine N6-glycyltransferase
R08777  glycyl-tRNA:undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine glycyltransferase
R08778  glycyl-tRNA:undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)3-D-alanyl-D-alanine glycyltransferase
R08779  L-alanyl-tRNA:undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine N6-alanyltransferase
R08780  L-alanyl-tRNA:undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(L-alanyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine alanyltransferase
R12271  UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamate L-glutamate-epimerase
R12272  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine---L-glutamate ligase (ADP-forming)
Compound
C00043  UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
C00133  D-Alanine
C00448  trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
C00692  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate
C00993  D-Alanyl-D-alanine
C01050  UDP-N-acetylmuramate
C01212  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine
C04574  di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate
C04631  UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
C04702  UDPMurNAc(oyl-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)
C04851  MurAc(oyl-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphospho-undecaprenol
C04877  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate
C04882  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C05892  UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysine
C05893  Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C05894  Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C05895  Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)5-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C05896  Crosslinked peptidoglycan
C05897  Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C05898  Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C17541  Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C17542  Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)3-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C17549  Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(L-alanyl-L-alanyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C17550  Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(L-alanyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C17556  di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl phosphate
C17558  di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenol
C22053  UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamate
Reference
PMID:18081839
  Authors
Bouhss A, Trunkfield AE, Bugg TD, Mengin-Lecreulx D
  Title
The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid-linked intermediates.
  Journal
FEMS Microbiol Rev 32:208-33 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00089.x
Reference
PMID:18077448
  Authors
Lloyd AJ, Gilbey AM, Blewett AM, De Pascale G, El Zoeiby A, Levesque RC, Catherwood AC, Tomasz A, Bugg TD, Roper DI, Dowson CG
  Title
Characterization of tRNA-dependent peptide bond formation by MurM in the synthesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae peptidoglycan.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 283:6402-17 (2008)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M708105200
Reference
PMID:18266853
  Authors
Barreteau H, Kovac A, Boniface A, Sova M, Gobec S, Blanot D
  Title
Cytoplasmic steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
  Journal
FEMS Microbiol Rev 32:168-207 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00104.x
Reference
PMID:11699883
  Authors
van Heijenoort J
  Title
Recent advances in the formation of the bacterial peptidoglycan monomer unit.
  Journal
Nat Prod Rep 18:503-19 (2001)
DOI:10.1039/a804532a
Reference
PMID:11320055
  Authors
van Heijenoort  J
  Title
Formation of the glycan chains in the synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan.
  Journal
Glycobiology 11:25R-36R (2001)
DOI:10.1093/glycob/11.3.25R
Related
pathway
rn00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
rn00520  Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
rn00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
KO pathway
ko00550   
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