Entry |
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Name |
Biosynthesis of type II polyketide backbone |
Class |
Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
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Pathway map |
rn01056 | Biosynthesis of type II polyketide backbone |

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Module |
M00778 | Type II polyketide backbone biosynthesis, acyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA => polyketide [PATH:rn01056] |
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Reaction |
R11516 | malonyl-CoA:malonamoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] malonyltransferase |
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Compound |
C12348 | 3,5,7,9,11,13,15-Heptaoxo-hexadecanoyl-[acp] |
C12350 | 3,5,7,9,11,13,15-Heptaoxo-octadecanoyl-[acp] |
C12354 | 3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19-Nonaoxo-eicosanoyl-[acp] |
C12355 | 3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19-Nonaoxo-henicosanoyl-[acp] |
C12356 | 3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19-Nonaoxo-docosanoyl-[acp] |
C12441 | 18-Carbamoyl-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaoxooctadecanoyl-[acp] |
C12442 | C-9 Reduced nonaketamide |
C18293 | Nonaketamide monocyclic intermediate |
C18327 | 7,9,12-Octaketide intermediate 1 |
C18328 | 7,9,12-Octaketide intermediate 2 |
C18329 | 7,9,12-Octaketide intermediate 3 |
C18330 | 7,9,12-Decaketide intermediate 1 |
C18331 | 7,9,12-Decaketide intermediate 2 |
C18332 | 7,9,12-Decaketide intermediate 3 |
C18333 | 7,9,12-Decaketide intermediate 4 |
C18334 | 7,9,12-Decaketide intermediate 5 |
C18335 | 7,9,12-Decaketide intermediate 6 |
C18336 | 7,12-Decaketide intermediate 1 |
C18337 | 9,14-Decaketide intermediate 1 |
C21430 | Malonamoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Rawlings BJ |
Title |
Biosynthesis of polyketides (other than actinomycete macrolides). |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Hertweck C, Luzhetskyy A, Rebets Y, Bechthold A |
Title |
Type II polyketide synthases: gaining a deeper insight into enzymatic teamwork. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Moore BS, Hertweck C |
Title |
Biosynthesis and attachment of novel bacterial polyketide synthase starter units. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Keatinge-Clay AT, Maltby DA, Medzihradszky KF, Khosla C, Stroud RM |
Title |
An antibiotic factory caught in action. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Ridley CP, Lee HY, Khosla C |
Title |
Evolution of polyketide synthases in bacteria. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Pickens LB, Tang Y |
Title |
Oxytetracycline biosynthesis. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Petkovic H, Thamchaipenet A, Zhou LH, Hranueli D, Raspor P, Waterman PG, Hunter IS |
Title |
Disruption of an aromatase/cyclase from the oxytetracycline gene cluster of Streptomyces rimosus results in production of novel polyketides with shorter chain lengths. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Zhou H, Li Y, Tang Y |
Title |
Cyclization of aromatic polyketides from bacteria and fungi. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Korman TP, Tan YH, Wong J, Luo R, Tsai SC |
Title |
Inhibition kinetics and emodin cocrystal structure of a type II polyketide ketoreductase. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Kantola J, Blanco G, Hautala A, Kunnari T, Hakala J, Mendez C, Ylihonko K, Mantsala P, Salas J |
Title |
Folding of the polyketide chain is not dictated by minimal polyketide synthase in the biosynthesis of mithramycin and anthracycline. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Kunnari T, Ylihonko K, Hautala A, Klika KD, Mantsala P, Hakala J |
Title |
Incorrectly folded aromatic polyketides from polyketide reductase deficient mutants. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Tsai SC, Ames BD |
Title |
Structural enzymology of polyketide synthases. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Korman TP, Hill JA, Vu TN, Tsai SC |
Title |
Structural analysis of actinorhodin polyketide ketoreductase: cofactor binding and substrate specificity. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Hadfield AT, Limpkin C, Teartasin W, Simpson TJ, Crosby J, Crump MP |
Title |
The crystal structure of the actIII actinorhodin polyketide reductase: proposed mechanism for ACP and polyketide binding. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Kantola J, Kunnari T, Hautala A, Hakala J, Ylihonko K, Mantsala P |
Title |
Elucidation of anthracyclinone biosynthesis by stepwise cloning of genes for anthracyclines from three different Streptomyces spp. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Bartel PL, Zhu CB, Lampel JS, Dosch DC, Connors NC, Strohl WR, Beale JM Jr, Floss HG |
Title |
Biosynthesis of anthraquinones by interspecies cloning of actinorhodin biosynthesis genes in streptomycetes: clarification of actinorhodin gene functions. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Arthur CJ, Szafranska AE, Long J, Mills J, Cox RJ, Findlow SC, Simpson TJ, Crump MP, Crosby J |
Title |
The malonyl transferase activity of type II polyketide synthase acyl carrier proteins. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Schneider G |
Title |
Enzymes in the biosynthesis of aromatic polyketide antibiotics. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Summers RG, Wendt-Pienkowski E, Motamedi H, Hutchinson CR |
Title |
Nucleotide sequence of the tcmII-tcmIV region of the tetracenomycin C biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces glaucescens and evidence that the tcmN gene encodes a multifunctional cyclase-dehydratase-O-methyl transferase. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Ames BD, Korman TP, Zhang W, Smith P, Vu T, Tang Y, Tsai SC |
Title |
Crystal structure and functional analysis of tetracenomycin ARO/CYC: implications for cyclization specificity of aromatic polyketides. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Lombo F, Menendez N, Salas JA, Mendez C |
Title |
The aureolic acid family of antitumor compounds: structure, mode of action, biosynthesis, and novel derivatives. |
Journal |
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Reference |
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Authors |
Krohn K (ed). |
Title |
Anthracycline Chemistry and Biology I : Biological Occurence and Biosynthesis, Synthesis and Chemistry |
Journal |
Topics in Current Chemistry 282 (2008) |
Related pathway |
rn00280 | Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation |
rn01057 | Biosynthesis of type II polyketide products |
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KO pathway |
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