Entry Name Endocytosis - Theobroma cacao (cacao)
Description Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolismBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Theobroma cacao (cacao) [GN:
tcc ]
Gene 18610639 epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 [KO:K12472 ]
18596942 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog 2 [KO:K12184 ]
18598100 vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 37 homolog 1 [KO:K12185 ]
18593566 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 22 homolog 1 [KO:K12188 ]
18611916 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 20 homolog 2 [KO:K12195 ]
18588458 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 32 homolog 2 [KO:K12194 ]
18590957 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 24 homolog 1 [KO:K12193 ]
18586505 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 24 homolog 1 [KO:K12193 ]
18588318 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 2 homolog 1 [KO:K12191 ]
18595078 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 2 homolog 2 [KO:K12191 ]
18613108 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 2 homolog 3 [KO:K12192 ]
18590343 protein SUPPRESSOR OF K(+) TRANSPORT GROWTH DEFECT 1 [KO:K12196 ]
18593420 protein HOMOLOG OF MAMMALIAN LYST-INTERACTING PROTEIN 5 [KO:K12199 ]
18592542 vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 homolog [KO:K12479 ]
18614283 armadillo repeat-containing kinesin-like protein 2 [KO:K10396 ]
18593825 probable ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD5 [KO:K12486 ]
18595048 probable ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD13 [KO:K12486 ]
18596938 probable ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD5 [KO:K12486 ]
18587296 probable ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD11 [KO:K12486 ]
18610053 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD4 [KO:K12489 ]
18608844 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD3 [KO:K12489 ]
18605194 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD1 [KO:K12489 ]
18597797 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD7 [KO:K12492 ]
18606037 probable ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD8 [KO:K12493 ]
18614286 brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 [KO:K18442 ]
18608388 brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442 ]
Compound C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference Authors Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal Reference Authors Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal Reference Authors Sorkin A
Title Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal Reference Authors Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title The endocytic matrix.
Journal Reference Authors Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal Reference Authors Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal Reference Authors Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal Reference Authors Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal Reference Authors Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal Related tcc04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
tcc04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
