KEGG   PATHWAY: cdk05012
Entry
cdk05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
cdk05012  Parkinson disease
cdk05012

Organism
Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel) [GN:cdk]
Gene
105095191  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
105086482  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633]
105095656  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas [KO:K04632]
105095655  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
105091720  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X2 [KO:K04145]
105087520  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
105085647  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
105100375  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
105090284  ADCY5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105095035  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105100776  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105101941  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
105101957  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
105087630  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 isoform X1 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
116151679  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
105097221  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
105085081  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
105095218  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 isoform X1 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105101227  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 isoform X2 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105105581  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 isoform X1 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105095533  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105101519  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105095758  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105086287  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin isoform X1 [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
105102811  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
105085348  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
105106442  SEPTIN5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: septin-5 [KO:K04557]
105105059  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
105094163  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105092322  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105087216  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105086586  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105095668  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105085640  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105086687  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105086238  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105101478  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105092636  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 isoform X1 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105106941  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105086959  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105096978  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105093880  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105103219  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105093016  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
105096017  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
105093331  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
105091425  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064]
105106880  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A isoform X1 [KO:K03065]
105090405  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
105085877  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
105093755  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03032]
105099032  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
105102519  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X2 [KO:K06693]
105092316  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
105088223  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
105094369  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
105088390  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
105105733  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X2 [KO:K03039]
105103211  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
105093692  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 isoform X2 [KO:K03030]
105096924  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
105095674  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691]
105089356  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
105096001  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
105093281  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
105104026  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
105105602  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
105092364  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
116147086  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
105089916  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X8 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105098484  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105092453  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105092345  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105090432  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
105090026  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
105093156  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04958]
105102013  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
105101373  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
105085024  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105092624  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
105092786  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
105100346  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
105092320  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
105099473  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
105104181  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105086172  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
105091928  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
105106406  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
105085263  amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
105085264  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
105102174  SLC6A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
105102901  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter [KO:K08155]
105095097  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
105107145  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
105089351  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
105097628  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 [KO:K14709]
105106055  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
105104991  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 isoform X2 [KO:K14710]
105086368  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
105086883  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
105101394  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
105089557  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
105086155  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
105088793  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
105085686  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
105090612  SLC39A12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc transporter ZIP12 [KO:K14718]
105106879  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
105102658  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
5618953  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5618961  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5618962  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5618958  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5618955  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5618957  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5618963  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105104414  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105086491  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105105846  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
105091110  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nucleolin 2-like [KO:K03944]
116150922  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
105098104  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
105105514  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
105088698  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
105098308  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
105085342  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
105091880  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
105087580  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
105104365  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform X2 [KO:K03952]
105091332  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
105105383  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
105094828  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
105091762  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
105097420  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
105103723  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
105096144  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
105096996  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
105091662  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
105099177  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
105090315  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
105085920  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
105085566  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
105105974  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
105084324  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
105096438  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
105099726  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
105101950  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
105099258  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105100106  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105106884  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105087155  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937]
105090973  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
105102170  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
105104129  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105104408  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
116147839  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
116147841  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105087084  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
105097534  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
105102189  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
105107079  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
105100098  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
105094129  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
105089357  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
5618965  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
105105005  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
105087919  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
105092293  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00415]
105092921  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
105090575  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
105090190  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
105099458  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
105106524  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
5618954  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
5618956  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
5618959  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
105098909  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
105100820  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
105092495  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02263]
105087250  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
105092680  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
105101997  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
105089718  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
105088048  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
105098744  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
105090541  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
105088079  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
105105462  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
105103545  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
105096479  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
105095562  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
116151966  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
116152083  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
105095183  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
105086351  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
105091350  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
105104113  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
116147347  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
5618964  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
105102044  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
105094601  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
105095776  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
105097572  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
105104626  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
105089856  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
105086808  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02131]
5618960  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
105088855  PINK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105092475  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
105089274  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105105950  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
105099831  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
105090242  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
105092440  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
105086434  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
105087057  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
105084439  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
105093951  SLC25A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
105103090  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
105092427  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
105098528  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
105095080  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
105092650  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
105097442  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
105107056  CASP9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
105084433  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
105106986  PARK7; protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
105100821  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04570]
105102890  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
105085925  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
105107041  MFN2; mitofusin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
105084640  KIF5C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
105100340  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform X3 [KO:K10396]
105086860  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
105088615  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
105102569  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
105105985  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
105095455  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
105096109  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
105095310  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
105100732  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
105091377  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
105095227  tubulin alpha-3 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
116150045  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
105095224  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
116150047  tubulin alpha-3 chain-like [KO:K07374]
105089297  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
116147140  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
105096135  tubulin alpha-1D chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
105103777  TUBA1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
105103779  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
105087494  TUBB; tubulin beta chain isoform X2 [KO:K07375]
105087583  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
105098536  tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
105086496  TUBB6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
105104555  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
105105754  tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
105104356  TUBB3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
105105106  TUBB4B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
105095658  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
116151533  tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]
116151371  tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]
105103011  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
105089401  DUSP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
105098504  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
105087938  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
105105211  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
105101430  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
105092037  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
105091591  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X4 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105094659  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105100625  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105086775  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
105096659  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]-like [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
105087634  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
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Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:12938733
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Lim KL, Lim TM
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Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
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IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:26501339
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Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
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Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
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Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:15767499
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Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
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Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
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Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
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Reference
PMID:16972273
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Olanow CW, McNaught KS
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
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Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:18047737
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Lim KL, Tan JM
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Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
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Reference
PMID:29090092
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Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
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Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:12814656
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Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
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Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:20495568
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Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
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Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
PMID:24781149
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:19230774
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Bezprozvanny I
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Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:28468938
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Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
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The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28838811
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Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
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FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
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Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
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Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:26297973
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Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
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Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
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Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:24548101
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Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
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Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
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Perez RG, Hastings TG
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Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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Reference
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Segura-Aguilar J
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A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:20736035
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Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
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The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27911343
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Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Reference
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Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
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Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:29147906
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Oh SE, Mouradian MM
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Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
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Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Reference
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Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
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Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
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Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
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Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
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Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
cdk00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
cdk00350  Tyrosine metabolism
cdk03050  Proteasome
cdk04020  Calcium signaling pathway
cdk04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
cdk04137  Mitophagy - animal
cdk04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
cdk04210  Apoptosis
cdk04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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