Entry Name Oxytocin signaling pathway - Dipodomys spectabilis (banner-tailed kangaroo rat)
Description Oxytocin (OT) is a nonapeptide synthesized by the magno-cellular neurons located in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus. It exerts a wide variety of central and peripheral effects. However, its best-known and most well-established roles are stimulation of uterine contractions during parturition and milk release during lactation. Oxytocin also influences cardiovascular regulation and various social behaviors. The actions of OT are all mediated by one type of OT receptor (OTR). This is a transmembrane receptor belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The main signaling pathway is the Gq/PLC/Ins3 pathway, but the MAPK and the RhoA/Rho kinase pathways are also activated, contributing to increased prostaglandin production and direct contractile effect on myometrial cells. In the cardiovascular system, OTR is associated with the ANP-cGMP and NO-cGMP pathways, which reduce the force and rate of contraction and increase vasodilatation.
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy 
Pathway map Organism Dipodomys spectabilis (banner-tailed kangaroo rat) [GN:
dsp ]
Gene 122094950   Cacng4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04869 ] 
122094956   Cacng5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870 ] 
122094975   Cacng1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04866 ] 
122095118   Gnaq; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ] 
122095552   Cacna2d2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 [KO:K04859 ] 
122095572   Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ] 
122096621   Ppp3cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ] 
122097750   Nfatc1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ] 
122098491   Ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ] 
122098776   Cacna1f; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ] 
122099051   Prkab1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07199 ] 
122101316   Trpm2; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04977 ] [EC:3.6.1.13 ] 
122103495   Kcnj12; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 [KO:K05005 ] 
122103511   Cacnb1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862 ] 
122104229   Kcnj5; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04999 ] 
122105366   Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ] 
122105896   Prkag2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200 ] 
122106330   Prkag1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200 ] 
122106361   Cacnb3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864 ] 
122107430   Prkag3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200 ] 
122108012   Cacna2d3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860 ] 
122108123   Cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ] 
122108136   Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ] 
122108167   Prkab2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199 ] 
122109161   Ppp1r12b; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B isoform X1 [KO:K12329 ] 
122109525   Kcnj9; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 3 [KO:K05002 ] 
122110693   Cacng8; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873 ] 
122110697   Cacng7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872 ] 
122110699   Cacng6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit [KO:K04871 ] 
122110725   Ppp1r12c; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C isoform X1 [KO:K17457 ] 
122110819   Kcnj3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997 ] 
122110846   Cacnb4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865 ] 
122111510   Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ] 
122111799   Cacna2d1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 [KO:K04858 ] 
122111882   Gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ] 
122111901   Pik3cg; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ] 
122113099   Cacnb2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863 ] 
122113453   Nfatc4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334 ] 
122114287   Kcnj6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000 ] 
122114401   Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ] 
122116183   Cacng3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868 ] 
122116328   Gnao1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ] 
122116510   Camk2g; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ] 
122116547   Ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ] 
122117295   Mef2c; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454 ] 
122118130   Camk2a; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ] 
122119152   Pik3r6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290 ] 
122119286   Cacng2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867 ] 
122120285   Pik3r5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290 ] 
122120299   Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ] 
122123175   Camk2d; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ] 
122124417   Ppp1r12a; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X1 [KO:K06270 ] 
122124633   Nfatc2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ] 
122125876   Kcnj14; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 14 [KO:K05007 ] 
122126216   Nfatc3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ] 
122126705   Cacna1s; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ] 
122127053   Ppp3ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ] 
Compound C01245   D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 
Reference   Authors Devost D, Wrzal P, Zingg HH
  Title Oxytocin receptor signalling.
  Journal Reference   Authors Viero C, Shibuya I, Kitamura N, Verkhratsky A, Fujihara H, Katoh A, Ueta Y, Zingg HH, Chvatal A, Sykova E, Dayanithi G
  Title REVIEW: Oxytocin: Crossing the bridge between basic science and pharmacotherapy.
  Journal Reference   Authors Gutkowska J, Jankowski M
  Title Oxytocin revisited: its role in cardiovascular regulation.
  Journal Reference   Authors Vrachnis N, Malamas FM, Sifakis S, Deligeoroglou E, Iliodromiti Z
  Title The oxytocin-oxytocin receptor system and its antagonists as tocolytic agents.
  Journal Reference   Authors Tom N, Assinder SJ
  Title Oxytocin in health and disease.
  Journal Reference   Authors Strakova Z, Copland JA, Lolait SJ, Soloff MS
  Title ERK2 mediates oxytocin-stimulated PGE2 synthesis.
  Journal Reference   Authors Slater DM, Zervou S, Thornton S
  Title Prostaglandins and prostanoid receptors in human pregnancy and parturition.
  Journal J Soc Gynecol Investig 9:118-24 (2002)
Reference   Authors Shmygol A, Gullam J, Blanks A, Thornton S
  Title Multiple mechanisms involved in oxytocin-induced modulation of myometrial contractility.
  Journal Reference   Authors Tahara M, Morishige K, Sawada K, Ikebuchi Y, Kawagishi R, Tasaka K, Murata Y
  Title RhoA/Rho-kinase cascade is involved in oxytocin-induced rat uterine contraction.
  Journal Reference   Authors Slattery MM, Morrison JJ
  Title Preterm delivery.
  Journal Reference   Authors Pont JN, McArdle CA, Lopez Bernal A
  Title Oxytocin-stimulated NFAT transcriptional activation in human myometrial cells.
  Journal Reference   Authors Gutkowska J, Jankowski M, Lambert C, Mukaddam-Daher S, Zingg HH, McCann SM
  Title Oxytocin releases atrial natriuretic peptide by combining with oxytocin receptors in the heart.
  Journal Reference   Authors Antunes-Rodrigues J, de Castro M, Elias LL, Valenca MM, McCann SM
  Title Neuroendocrine control of body fluid metabolism.
  Journal Reference   Authors Lee ES, Uhm KO, Lee YM, Kwon J, Park SH, Soo KH
  Title Oxytocin stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells through the calcium-CaMKK-AMPK pathway.
  Journal Reference   Authors Cassoni P, Sapino A, Fortunati N, Munaron L, Chini B, Bussolati G
  Title Oxytocin inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB231 human breast-cancer cells via cyclic adenosine monophosphate and protein kinase A.
  Journal Reference   Authors Busnelli M, Peverelli E, Mantovani G, Spada A, Chini B
  Title Deciphering the specific role of G(alphai/o) isoforms: functional selective oxytocin ligands and somatostatin SST5 receptor mutants.
  Journal Reference   Authors Reversi A, Rimoldi V, Brambillasca S, Chini B
  Title Effects of cholesterol manipulation on the signaling of the human oxytocin receptor.
  Journal Reference   Authors Salmina AB, Lopatina O, Ekimova MV, Mikhutkina SV, Higashida H
  Title CD38/cyclic ADP-ribose system: a new player for oxytocin secretion and regulation of social behaviour.
  Journal Reference   Authors Higashida H, Yokoyama S, Kikuchi M, Munesue T
  Title CD38 and its role in oxytocin secretion and social behavior.
  Journal Reference   Authors Lopatina O, Inzhutova A, Salmina AB, Higashida H
  Title The roles of oxytocin and CD38 in social or parental behaviors.
  Journal Reference   Authors Guse AH
  Title Second messenger function and the structure-activity relationship of cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR).
  Journal Related KO pathway