Entry
Name
Calcium signaling pathway - Gallus gallus (chicken)
Description
Ca2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this external source of signal Ca2+ by activating various entry channels with widely different properties. The voltage-operated channels (VOCs) are found in excitable cells and generate the rapid Ca2+ fluxes that control fast cellular processes. There are many other Ca2+-entry channels, such as the receptor-operated channels (ROCs), for example the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) that respond to glutamate. There also are second-messenger-operated channels (SMOCs) and store-operated channels (SOCs).
The other principal source of Ca2+ for signalling is the internal stores that are located primarily in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), in which inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) or ryanodine receptors (RYRs) regulate the release of Ca2+. The principal activator of these channels is Ca2+ itself and this process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release is central to the mechanism of Ca2+ signalling. Various second messengers or modulators also control the release of Ca2+. IP3, which is generated by pathways using different isoforms of phospholipase C (PLCbeta, delta, epsilon, gamma and zeta), regulates the IP3Rs. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) releases Ca2+ via RYRs. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) may activate a distinct Ca2+ release mechanism on separate acidic Ca2+ stores. Ca2+ release via the NAADP-sensitive mechanism may also feedback onto either RYRs or IP3Rs. cADPR and NAADP are generated by CD38. This enzyme might be sensitive to the cellular metabolism, as ATP and NADH inhibit it.
The influx of Ca2+ from the environment or release from internal stores causes a very rapid and dramatic increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which has been widely exploited for signal transduction. Some proteins, such as troponin C (TnC) involved in muscle contraction, directly bind to and sense Ca2+. However, in other cases Ca2+ is sensed through intermediate calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CALM).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Gallus gallus (chicken) [GN:
gga ]
Gene
395759 SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 precursor [KO:K05849 ]
395760 SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 precursor [KO:K05849 ]
396364 CHRM1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131 ]
428881 CHRM5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133 ]
416150 HTR4; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04160 ]
422942 HTR7L; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 like [KO:K04163 ]
419313 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
474379 GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633 ]
424542 PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X7 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
396446 ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform 2 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
422799 STIM2; stromal interaction molecule 2 isoform X3 [KO:K18196 ]
416845 ORAI1; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
395891 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
395895 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
395985 CATSPER2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform 1 [KO:K04857 ]
107049790 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344 ]
374169 CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849 ]
424412 CACNA1E; voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E isoform X1 [KO:K04852 ]
769385 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
416526 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H isoform X1 [KO:K04855 ]
427900 CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I isoform X1 [KO:K04856 ]
374001 CHRNA7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 precursor [KO:K04809 ]
396120 CHRNA7L; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7-like [KO:K04809 ]
404296 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 precursor [KO:K05208 ]
427678 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X2 [KO:K05209 ]
417965 GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210 ]
431090 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
769001 GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A [KO:K05213 ]
429171 GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B isoform X1 [KO:K05214 ]
428691 CYSLTR1; cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04322 ]
428071 CYSLTR2; cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 [KO:K04323 ]
418126 CHRM2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 [KO:K04130 ]
373890 ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04136 ]
373909 EDNRB2; endothelin receptor B subtype 2 precursor [KO:K04198 ]
408082 EDNRB; endothelin receptor type B precursor [KO:K04198 ]
427212 F2R; proteinase-activated receptor 1 isoform X4 [KO:K03914 ]
421614 GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603 ]
373933 GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 precursor [KO:K04604 ]
428707 HTR2C; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C precursor [KO:K04157 ]
395776 LHCGR; lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor precursor [KO:K04248 ]
428209 PTAFR; platelet-activating factor receptor [KO:K04279 ]
429116 PTGER3; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype [KO:K04260 ]
395770 TRHR; thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor [KO:K04282 ]
428144 thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor-like [KO:K04282 ]
414885 CCKBR; gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor [KO:K04195 ]
427262 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
374077 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
431611 GNA14; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14 isoform X1 [KO:K04636 ]
408035 EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor precursor [KO:K04357 ]
414743 TGFA; protransforming growth factor alpha precursor [KO:K08774 ]
374196 PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A preproprotein [KO:K04359 ]
374128 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B precursor [KO:K17386 ]
395469 PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C precursor [KO:K05450 ]
418978 PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D precursor [KO:K05450 ]
396094 FGF1; fibroblast growth factor 1 precursor [KO:K18496 ]
396413 FGF2; fibroblast growth factor 2 precursor [KO:K18497 ]
770457 FGF5; fibroblast growth factor 5 isoform X2 [KO:K04358 ]
396267 FGF3; fibroblast growth factor 3 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
428857 FGF4; fibroblast growth factor 4 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
395453 FGF18; fibroblast growth factor 18 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
396313 FGF8; fibroblast growth factor 8 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
395432 FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
395394 FGF19; fibroblast growth factor 19 precursor [KO:K22603 ]
395909 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05448 ]
395255 VEGFD; vascular endothelial growth factor D precursor [KO:K05449 ]
422573 VEGFC; vascular endothelial growth factor C [KO:K05449 ]
396135 MST1; hepatocyte growth factor-like protein precursor [KO:K23441 ]
395569 GDNF; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X2 [KO:K05452 ]
422316 VEGFRKDRL; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kdr-like isoform X1 [KO:K05096 ] [EC:2.7.10.1 ]
420416 PLCD1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1 isoform X4 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
424214 PLCD4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
428279 PLCD3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3 isoform X5 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
423014 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
416730 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
427687 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
419175 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
776273 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X2 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
415805 PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
425224 PLCE1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
418182 PLCZ1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase zeta-1 [KO:K05861 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
395412 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958 ]
418212 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
419910 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
417033 TPCN1; two pore calcium channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16896 ]
423141 TPCN2; two pore calcium channel protein 2 [KO:K14077 ]
428942 MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858 ]
416320 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
395498 VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040 ]
426793 VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15041 ]
396032 TNNC1; troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles [KO:K05865 ]
417543 PHKG1; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle/heart isoform [KO:K00871 ] [EC:2.7.11.19 ]
415741 PHKB; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K07190 ]
418612 PHKA2; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
422181 PHKA1; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
374174 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
374175 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
423737 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
422688 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta chain [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
378890 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
395113 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101748851 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
420815 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X9 [KO:K04446 ]
419346 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17332 ]
415711 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
424116 PDE1A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
420752 PDE1C; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
777528 PDE1B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
C13051 Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Bootman MD, Roderick HL.
Title
Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Lipp P, Bootman MD.
Title
The versatility and universality of calcium signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang MC, Dolphin A, Kitmitto A.
Title
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels: understanding function through structure.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferrier GR, Howlett SE.
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling: role of membrane potential in regulation of contraction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Keef KD, Hume JR, Zhong J.
Title
Regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V)1.2a,b) by protein kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hell JW, Appleyard SM, Yokoyama CT, Warner C, Catterall WA.
Title
Differential phosphorylation of two size forms of the N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit which have different COOH termini.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:7390-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Yunker AM.
Title
Modulation and pharmacology of low voltage-activated ("T-Type") calcium channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yakel JL.
Title
Calcineurin regulation of synaptic function: from ion channels to transmitter release and gene transcription.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fukunaga K, Miyamoto E.
Title
A working model of CaM kinase II activity in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Della Rocca GJ, van Biesen T, Daaka Y, Luttrell DK, Luttrell LM, Lefkowitz RJ.
Title
Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G protein-coupled receptors. Convergence of Gi- and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pyk2, and Src kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Furuichi T, Mikoshiba K.
Title
Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the brain.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bruce JI, Straub SV, Yule DI.
Title
Crosstalk between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in non-excitable cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee HC, Munshi C, Graeff R.
Title
Structures and activities of cyclic ADP-ribose, NAADP and their metabolic enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Crompton M.
Title
Mitochondrial intermembrane junctional complexes and their role in cell death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grewal SS, York RD, Stork PJ.
Title
Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Trushin SA, Pennington KN, Carmona EM, Asin S, Savoy DN, Billadeau DD, Paya CV.
Title
Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) acts upstream of PKCtheta to activate IkappaB kinase and NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hutchins JR, Dikovskaya D, Clarke PR.
Title
Regulation of Cdc2/cyclin B activation in Xenopus egg extracts via inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc25C phosphatase by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein [corrected] kinase II.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tornquist K
Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosine kinase and autocrine calcium signalling in thyroid cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Feske S
Title
Immunodeficiency due to defects in store-operated calcium entry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Giachini FR, Lima VV, Hannan JL, Carneiro FS, Webb RC, Tostes RC
Title
STIM1/Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry: the tip of the iceberg.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baba Y, Kurosaki T
Title
[Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by STIM1].
Journal
Seikagaku 80:1123-8 (2008)
Reference
Authors
Galione A, Evans AM, Ma J, Parrington J, Arredouani A, Cheng X, Zhu MX
Title
The acid test: the discovery of two-pore channels (TPCs) as NAADP-gated endolysosomal Ca(2+) release channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beard NA, Wei L, Dulhunty AF
Title
Ca(2+) signaling in striated muscle: the elusive roles of triadin, junctin, and calsequestrin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Marty I
Title
Triadin regulation of the ryanodine receptor complex.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arvanitis DA, Vafiadaki E, Sanoudou D, Kranias EG
Title
Histidine-rich calcium binding protein: the new regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.
Journal
Related pathway
gga04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway
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