Entry Name Growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action - Lynx rufus (bobcat)
Description Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary and plays a critical role in cell growth, development, and metabolism throughout the body. GH secretion occurs episodically and is primarily under the control of two hypothalamic neuroendocrine hormones: GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), which stimulates GH secretion, and somatostatin, which inhibits GH secretion. GHRH interacts with a G protein-coupled receptor (GHRHR) in somatotroph cells to activate the cAMP signaling pathway, which leads to increased GH mRNA transcription and release. Once released into the circulation, GH binds to cell-surface GHR in target tissues such as liver, muscle, bone, and adipose tissue. Binding leads to activation of JAK2 that in turn triggers an array of signaling cascade including Raf-MEK-ERK, PI3K-Akt, and STAT5. ERK, Akt, and STAT5 all promote growth via the synthesis and secretion of IGF-1.
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map lruf04935 Growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action
Ortholog table Organism Lynx rufus (bobcat) [GN:
lruf ]
Gene 124503012 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
124514443 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
124523010 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
124524167 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
124516566 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
124514138 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
124524408 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
124506275 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
124521809 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
124501745 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
124523866 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
124524308 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
124528650 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
124527078 pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09363 ]
124528694 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
124501326 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
124528059 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
124510409 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
124501399 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
124522821 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
124509536 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
124515343 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220 ]
124522098 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
124522097 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A isoform X1 [KO:K11223 ]
124522246 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B isoform X1 [KO:K11224 ]
124513679 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2-like [KO:K07187 ]
124517840 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
124514527 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
124523730 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
124514827 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
124525535 insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit [KO:K17256 ]
124522960 insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10138 ]
124511865 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1-like [KO:K05726 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Nishad R, Mukhi D, Menon R K, Pasupulati A.
Title Growth Hormone and Metabolic Homeostasis
Journal Eur Med J 6:78-87 (2018)
Reference Authors Lu M, Flanagan JU, Langley RJ, Hay MP, Perry JK
Title Targeting growth hormone function: strategies and therapeutic applications.
Journal Reference Authors Argetsinger LS, Carter-Su C
Title Mechanism of signaling by growth hormone receptor.
Journal Reference Authors Carter-Su C, Schwartz J, Smit LS
Title Molecular mechanism of growth hormone action.
Journal Reference Authors Carter-Su C, Rui L, Herrington J
Title Role of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in signal transduction by growth hormone.
Journal Reference Authors Dehkhoda F, Lee CMM, Medina J, Brooks AJ
Title The Growth Hormone Receptor: Mechanism of Receptor Activation, Cell Signaling, and Physiological Aspects.
Journal Reference Authors Carter-Su C, Schwartz J, Argetsinger LS
Title Growth hormone signaling pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Berryman DE, Henry B, Hjortebjerg R, List EO, Kopchick JJ
Title Developments in our understanding of the effects of growth hormone on white adipose tissue from mice: implications to the clinic.
Journal Reference Authors Zhu T, Goh EL, LeRoith D, Lobie PE
Title Growth hormone stimulates the formation of a multiprotein signaling complex involving p130(Cas) and CrkII. Resultant activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK).
Journal Reference Authors Choi S (ed).
Title Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules
Journal Reference Authors Gracia-Navarro F, Castano JP, Malagon MM, Sanchez-Hormigo A, Luque RM, Hickey GJ, Peinado JR, Delgado E, Martinez-Fuentes AJ
Title Research progress in the stimulatory inputs regulating growth hormone (GH) secretion.
Journal Reference Authors Bertherat J
Title Nuclear effects of the cAMP pathway activation in somatotrophs.
Journal Reference Authors Tuggle CK, Trenkle A
Title Control of growth hormone synthesis.
Journal Reference Authors Cohen LE, Hashimoto Y, Zanger K, Wondisford F, Radovick S
Title CREB-independent regulation by CBP is a novel mechanism of human growth hormone gene expression.
Journal Reference Authors Khatib N, Gaidhane S, Gaidhane AM, Khatib M, Simkhada P, Gode D, Zahiruddin QS
Title Ghrelin: ghrelin as a regulatory Peptide in growth hormone secretion.
Journal Reference Authors Lengyel AM
Title From growth hormone-releasing peptides to ghrelin: discovery of new modulators of GH secretion.
Journal Reference Authors Anderson LL, Jeftinija S, Scanes CG, Stromer MH, Lee JS, Jeftinija K, Glavaski-Joksimovic A
Title Physiology of ghrelin and related peptides.
Journal Reference Authors Camina JP, Carreira MC, Micic D, Pombo M, Kelestimur F, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF
Title Regulation of ghrelin secretion and action.
Journal Reference Authors Yang SK, Steyn F, Chen C
Title Influence of membrane ion channel in pituitary somatotrophs by hypothalamic regulators.
Journal Reference Authors Melmed S
Title Acromegaly pathogenesis and treatment.
Journal Reference Authors Rouault AAJ, Rosselli-Murai LK, Hernandez CC, Gimenez LE, Tall GG, Sebag JA
Title The GPCR accessory protein MRAP2 regulates both biased signaling and constitutive activity of the ghrelin receptor GHSR1a.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
