Entry
Name
Breast cancer - Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey)
Description
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which are based on the presence or absence of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone subtypes) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), include: hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative (luminal A subtype), hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive (luminal B subtype), hormone receptor negative and HER2 positive (HER2 positive), and hormone receptor negative and HER2 negative (basal-like or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)). Hormone receptor positive breast cancers are largely driven by the estrogen/ER pathway. In HER2 positive breast tumours, HER2 activates the PI3K/AKT and the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways, and stimulate cell growth, survival and differentiation. In patients suffering from TNBC, the deregulation of various signalling pathways (Notch and Wnt/beta-catenin), EGFR protein have been confirmed. In the case of breast cancer only 8% of all cancers are hereditary, a phenomenon linked to genetic changes in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Somatic mutations in only three genes (TP53, PIK3CA and GATA3) occurred at >10% incidence across all breast cancers.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) [GN:
mcc ]
Gene
699955 TNFSF11; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 [KO:K05473 ]
574345 FGF7; fibroblast growth factor 7 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
701584 FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
702727 FGF22; fibroblast growth factor 22 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
708918 FGF3; fibroblast growth factor 3 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
706659 FGF17; fibroblast growth factor 17 precursor [KO:K04358 ]
695896 FGF5; fibroblast growth factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04358 ]
710643 FGF23; fibroblast growth factor 23 precursor [KO:K22428 ]
698444 IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I precursor [KO:K05459 ]
698619 EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor isoform X2 [KO:K04357 ]
702041 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364 ]
713777 SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099 ]
721821 MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
716098 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
709959 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
710552 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
707310 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
719367 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
698996 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
697453 DLL3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: delta-like protein 3 [KO:K06051 ]
709947 NOTCH1; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 [KO:K02599 ]
713798 NOTCH2; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 precursor [KO:K20994 ]
719119 NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995 ]
717323 NOTCH4; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K20996 ]
694929 HES5; transcription factor HES-5 isoform X1 [KO:K06055 ]
712988 HEY2; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 2 [KO:K09091 ]
716117 HEYL; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like protein [KO:K09091 ]
699385 HEY1; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09091 ]
719199 CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625 ]
714689 nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04469 ]
114669860 NFKB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit [KO:K04469 ]
721605 LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068 ]
695843 LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 precursor [KO:K03068 ]
714381 DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 [KO:K02353 ]
100423838 DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
705864 DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
707345 APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085 ]
693443 APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085 ]
694560 TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04490 ]
701759 TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X9 [KO:K04491 ]
695776 LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04492 ]
697835 GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402 ]
701054 GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402 ]
711257 GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402 ]
114672263 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA damage-binding protein 2-like [KO:K10140 ]
713904 E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620 ]
721981 BRCA2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein [KO:K08775 ]
Compound
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Zhang MH, Man HT, Zhao XD, Dong N, Ma SL
Title
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer molecular signatures and therapeutic potentials (Review).
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dai X, Xiang L, Li T, Bai Z
Title
Cancer Hallmarks, Biomarkers and Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schnitt SJ
Title
Classification and prognosis of invasive breast cancer: from morphology to molecular taxonomy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Title
Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Eroles P, Bosch A, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Lluch A
Title
Molecular biology in breast cancer: intrinsic subtypes and signaling pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou KA, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG.
Title
Targeting androgen/estrogen receptors crosstalk in cancer
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sharp A, Harper-Wynne C.
Title
Treatment of advanced breast cancer (ABC): the expanding landscape of targeted therapies
Journal
J Cancer Biol Res 2:1036 (2014)
Reference
Authors
Byler S, Goldgar S, Heerboth S, Leary M, Housman G, Moulton K, Sarkar S
Title
Genetic and epigenetic aspects of breast cancer progression and therapy.
Journal
Anticancer Res 34:1071-7 (2014)
Reference
Authors
Mohamed A, Krajewski K, Cakar B, Ma CX
Title
Targeted therapy for breast cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ellis MJ, Ding L, Shen D, Luo J, Suman VJ, Wallis JW, Van Tine BA, Hoog J, Goiffon RJ, Goldstein TC, Ng S, Lin L, Crowder R, Snider J, Ballman K, Weber J, Chen K, Koboldt DC, Kandoth C, Schierding WS, McMichael JF, Miller CA, Lu C, Harris CC, McLellan MD, Wendl MC, DeSchryver K, Allred DC, Esserman L, Unzeitig G, Margenthaler J, Babiera GV, Marcom PK, Guenther JM, Leitch M, Hunt K, Olson J, Tao Y, Maher CA, Fulton LL, Fulton RS, Harrison M, Oberkfell B, Du F, Demeter R, Vickery TL, Elhammali A, Piwnica-Worms H, McDonald S, Watson M, Dooling DJ, Ota D, Chang LW, Bose R, Ley TJ, Piwnica-Worms D, Stuart JM, Wilson RK, Mardis ER
Title
Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ma CX, Reinert T, Chmielewska I, Ellis MJ
Title
Mechanisms of aromatase inhibitor resistance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Butt AJ, McNeil CM, Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL
Title
Downstream targets of growth factor and oestrogen signalling and endocrine resistance: the potential roles of c-Myc, cyclin D1 and cyclin E.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dasgupta S, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW
Title
Nuclear receptor coactivators: master regulators of human health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brisken C
Title
Progesterone signalling in breast cancer: a neglected hormone coming into the limelight.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scarpin KM, Graham JD, Mote PA, Clarke CL
Title
Progesterone action in human tissues: regulation by progesterone receptor (PR) isoform expression, nuclear positioning and coregulator expression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Knutson TP, Lange CA
Title
Tracking progesterone receptor-mediated actions in breast cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dittrich A, Gautrey H, Browell D, Tyson-Capper A
Title
The HER2 Signaling Network in Breast Cancer--Like a Spider in its Web.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Higgins MJ, Baselga J
Title
Targeted therapies for breast cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mukohara T
Title
PI3K mutations in breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schneider BP, Winer EP, Foulkes WD, Garber J, Perou CM, Richardson A, Sledge GW, Carey LA
Title
Triple-negative breast cancer: risk factors to potential targets.
Journal
Reference
Authors
King TD, Suto MJ, Li Y
Title
The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway: a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brown AM
Title
Wnt signaling in breast cancer: have we come full circle?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Geyer FC, Lacroix-Triki M, Savage K, Arnedos M, Lambros MB, MacKay A, Natrajan R, Reis-Filho JS
Title
beta-Catenin pathway activation in breast cancer is associated with triple-negative phenotype but not with CTNNB1 mutation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Al-Hussaini H, Subramanyam D, Reedijk M, Sridhar SS
Title
Notch signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rangel MC, Bertolette D, Castro NP, Klauzinska M, Cuttitta F, Salomon DS
Title
Developmental signaling pathways regulating mammary stem cells and contributing to the etiology of triple-negative breast cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jamdade VS, Sethi N, Mundhe NA, Kumar P, Lahkar M, Sinha N
Title
Therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast cancer: a review.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Karamboulas C, Ailles L
Title
Developmental signaling pathways in cancer stem cells of solid tumors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ignatiadis M, Sotiriou C
Title
Luminal breast cancer: from biology to treatment.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shin SJ, Gong G, Lee HJ, Kang J, Bae YK, Lee A, Cho EY, Lee JS, Suh KS, Lee DW, Jung WH
Title
Positive expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is associated with a positive hormone receptor status and a favorable prognosis in breast cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gasco M, Shami S, Crook T
Title
The p53 pathway in breast cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Narod SA, Foulkes WD
Title
BRCA1 and BRCA2: 1994 and beyond.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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