KEGG   PATHWAY: mlx05415
Entry
mlx05415                    Pathway                                
Name
Diabetic cardiomyopathy - Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
Description
Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been defined as left ventricular dysfunction that occurs among patients with diabetes mellitus independent of a recognized cause such as coronary artery disease or hypertension. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy broadly involves hyperglycemia, increased circulating fatty acids, and insulin resistance contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired calcium metabolism, Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) activation, and altered substrate metabolism. These effects result in cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte death, contractile dysfunction, endothelial cell damage and eventually heart failure. In the process of cardiac fibrosis, cardiac fibroblasts are the final effector cell.
Class
Human Diseases; Cardiovascular disease
Pathway map
mlx05415  Diabetic cardiomyopathy
mlx05415

Organism
Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal) [GN:mlx]
Gene
118019532  SLC2A1; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 [KO:K07299]
118000005  SLC2A4; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K07191]
118008021  GFPT1; glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00820] [EC:2.6.1.16]
118026505  GFPT2; glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2 [KO:K00820] [EC:2.6.1.16]
118024497  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
118027107  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
118006598  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
118006728  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
118021697  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
117997899  TNNI3; troponin I, cardiac muscle [KO:K12044]
118012943  RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 [KO:K04962]
118000615  PLN; cardiac phospholamban [KO:K05852]
118025163  ATP2A3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118018451  ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
117999657  ATP2A1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
118008792  SP1; transcription factor Sp1 [KO:K04684]
118012894  AGT; angiotensinogen [KO:K09821]
118013674  REN; renin isoform X1 [KO:K01380] [EC:3.4.23.15]
118003204  chymase [KO:K01329] [EC:3.4.21.39]
118003493  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mast cell protease 4-like [KO:K01329] [EC:3.4.21.39]
117999123  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118027195  AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor [KO:K19722]
118009146  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
117999511  NCF1; neutrophil cytosol factor 1 [KO:K08011]
118023475  cytochrome b-245 light chain isoform X1 [KO:K08009]
118014374  NCF2; neutrophil cytosol factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08010]
117998727  NCF4; neutrophil cytosol factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08012]
118018155  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-like [KO:K04392]
117999338  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
117998715  RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860]
118004937  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
118027047  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
118016059  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
118001095  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118001265  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117997742  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117997743  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118022776  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118010368  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118026506  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118023778  MMP2; 72 kDa type IV collagenase [KO:K01398] [EC:3.4.24.24]
118011551  MMP9; matrix metalloproteinase-9 [KO:K01403] [EC:3.4.24.35]
118024771  COL1A1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain [KO:K06236]
118020776  COL1A2; collagen alpha-2(I) chain [KO:K06236]
118012228  COL3A1; collagen alpha-1(III) chain [KO:K19720]
118022632  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
118014087  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
118002625  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein [KO:K13377]
118020682  CD36; platelet glycoprotein 4 [KO:K06259]
117998558  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07294]
117997727  CPT1B; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform [KO:K19523] [EC:2.3.1.21]
118007806  PDK3; pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 3 [KO:K00898] [EC:2.7.11.2]
118024775  PDK2; pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00898] [EC:2.7.11.2]
118006436  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase isozyme 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00898] [EC:2.7.11.2]
118006464  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase isozyme 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00898] [EC:2.7.11.2]
118020787  PDK4; pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4 [KO:K00898] [EC:2.7.11.2]
118024347  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118005176  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118017601  PTPA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A activator isoform X1 [KO:K17605]
118007723  PPP1CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
118016125  PPP1CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
118018468  PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
118016198  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
118020095  PRKCZ; protein kinase C zeta type [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118019395  CPT2; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08766] [EC:2.3.1.21]
118015656  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
118005442  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
118011983  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
118004424  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
118020028  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
118006556  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
118016863  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
118019468  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
118006042  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
118012969  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
118022658  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118002024  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118014553  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118020008  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118007057  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
118025587  GYS2; glycogen [starch] synthase, liver isoform X1 [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
117998248  GYS1; glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
118009334  TBC1D4; TBC1 domain family member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17902]
118008884  MPC1L; mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1-like protein [KO:K22138]
118001771  MPC1; mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 [KO:K22138]
118001889  mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 [KO:K22138]
118006980  mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2-like [KO:K22139]
118014522  MPC2; mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 [KO:K22139]
118010186  PDHA2; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
118007442  PDHA1; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
118005043  PDHB; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00162] [EC:1.2.4.1]
4355870  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355871  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355872  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355873  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355874  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355875  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4355876  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118016140  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118016431  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118026972  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
118024594  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
118005005  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
118012420  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
118006077  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
117999192  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
118006627  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
118016727  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
118008941  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
118026286  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
117997916  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
118013193  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
118000306  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118008679  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
118017566  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118011073  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118025972  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118004320  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118019915  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118013652  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118013723  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118020809  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
118021900  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
118000958  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949]
118021036  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
117998612  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
118005969  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
118009157  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8-like [KO:K03952]
118016476  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8-like [KO:K03952]
118017734  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03952]
118025758  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
118011878  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
117999128  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
118005738  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
117997521  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12-like [KO:K11352]
117998878  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
118005260  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
118009264  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957]
118002675  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
118025455  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
118021161  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
118012157  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
118007053  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
118006688  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
118018036  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
118005924  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
118025000  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964]
118015199  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
118026254  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9-like [KO:K03965]
118021712  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
118009645  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
118012110  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118014015  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118015844  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118006687  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
118006809  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
118021333  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03937]
118027278  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
118019589  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
117998200  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5-like [KO:K03938]
117999059  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5-like [KO:K03938]
118006183  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
118005112  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118016147  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
118022312  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
118023788  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03967]
118008977  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03967]
118004305  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
118006277  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
118019953  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
118001049  succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00236]
118014021  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
118013236  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
118022759  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
4355869  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
118015299  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
118005048  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
117999153  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
118019464  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
118015043  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
118008962  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
118009132  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
118014721  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
118016628  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
118018636  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
118006000  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
4355868  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
4355866  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
4355867  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
118023493  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
118001502  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
118011354  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
118003100  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
118008215  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
118009813  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
118002938  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02266]
118018546  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
117999554  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
118022877  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
118001264  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
118003073  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
117997912  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 isoform X1 [KO:K02267]
118012351  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
118025026  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
118005417  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
118007814  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
118022879  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
118008635  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
118001468  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC118001468 [KO:K02270]
118015405  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
118010248  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
118026049  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
118016969  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
118013136  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
118014377  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
118009891  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
117998533  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
118015981  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
118023545  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
118010255  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
118025936  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
117998506  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
118004416  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
118012585  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02132]
118008699  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
118014290  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02136]
118021601  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
118005812  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
118024015  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
118013637  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02135]
118013662  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
4355864  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
118019006  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
118000847  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
118023337  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
118008780  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
118016240  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
118024792  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
118026484  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
118012240  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
118012306  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
118021108  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
118024289  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
118010299  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
118017147  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
118026298  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
117999517  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
118014376  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
118001601  ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02137]
118004098  ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02137]
118018842  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
118000514  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
118018060  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
118018787  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
118019306  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
118019784  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
118020828  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
118020909  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
118014566  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
118021844  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02131]
4355865  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
118016634  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
118004524  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1-like [KO:K05862]
118021936  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
118009917  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
118012526  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041]
118022338  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
118010066  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
118026668  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
118012355  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
118022199  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
117997993  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118026800  NOS3; nitric oxide synthase, endothelial isoform X1 [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
118025410  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
118025740  GAPDH; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
118026621  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
118019980  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
118013019  PARP1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
118014463  G6PD; glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
118009992  GSR; glutathione reductase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
118017899  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
118002661  TGFBR2; TGF-beta receptor type-2 [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
118004611  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
118003430  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605]
118015997  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118003092  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118011244  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118011247  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118024390  angiotensin-converting enzyme isoform X1 [KO:K01283] [EC:3.4.15.1]
118024420  angiotensin-converting enzyme-like protein Ace3 [KO:K01283] [EC:3.4.15.1]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00002  ATP
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00022  Pyruvate
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00031  D-Glucose
C00043  UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
C00051  Glutathione
C00076  Calcium cation
C00085  D-Fructose 6-phosphate
C00092  D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C00095  D-Fructose
C00118  D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00162  Fatty acid
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00195  N-Acylsphingosine
C00236  3-Phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate
C00318  L-Carnitine
C00352  D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate
C00369  Starch
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00704  Superoxide
C00794  D-Sorbitol
C00873  Angiotensin I
C02135  Angiotensin II
C02843  Long-chain acyl-CoA
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06156  alpha-D-Glucosamine 1-phosphate
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C21011  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
C21013  [Protein]-pyrraline
C21014  [Protein]-pentosidine
C22310  Fructose 3-phosphate
C22311  3-Deoxyglucosone
Reference
  Authors
Riehle C, Bauersachs J
  Title
Of mice and men: models and mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
  Journal
Basic Res Cardiol 114:2 (2018)
DOI:10.1007/s00395-018-0711-0
Reference
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Huynh K, Bernardo BC, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH
  Title
Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and new treatment strategies targeting antioxidant signaling pathways.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 142:375-415 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.003
Reference
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Lorenzo-Almoros A, Tunon J, Orejas M, Cortes M, Egido J, Lorenzo O
  Title
Diagnostic approaches for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Cardiovasc Diabetol 16:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s12933-017-0506-x
Reference
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Tan Y, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Wintergerst KA, Keller BB, Cai L
  Title
Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies: preclinical and clinical evidence.
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Nat Rev Cardiol 17:585-607 (2020)
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Reference
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Zamora M, Villena JA
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Contribution of Impaired Insulin Signaling to the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
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Int J Mol Sci 20:E2833 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/ijms20112833
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Palomer X, Pizarro-Delgado J, Vazquez-Carrera M
  Title
Emerging Actors in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Heartbreaker Biomarkers or Therapeutic Targets?
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 39:452-467 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.010
Reference
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Mishra PK, Ying W, Nandi SS, Bandyopadhyay GK, Patel KK, Mahata SK
  Title
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: An Immunometabolic Perspective.
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Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 8:72 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2017.00072
Reference
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Chong CR, Clarke K, Levelt E
  Title
Metabolic Remodeling in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 113:422-430 (2017)
DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvx018
Reference
  Authors
Brownlee M
  Title
Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications.
  Journal
Nature 414:813-20 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/414813a
Reference
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Gollmer J, Zirlik A, Bugger H
  Title
Established and Emerging Mechanisms of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
  Journal
J Lipid Atheroscler 8:26-47 (2019)
DOI:10.12997/jla.2019.8.1.26
Reference
  Authors
Boudina S, Abel ED
  Title
Diabetic cardiomyopathy revisited.
  Journal
Circulation 115:3213-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.679597
Reference
  Authors
Varma U, Koutsifeli P, Benson VL, Mellor KM, Delbridge LMD
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of cardiac pathology in diabetes - Experimental insights.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1864:1949-1959 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.035
Reference
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  Title
Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.
  Journal
Life Sci 92:601-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.028
Reference
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Falcao-Pires I, Leite-Moreira AF
  Title
Diabetic cardiomyopathy: understanding the molecular and cellular basis to progress in diagnosis and treatment.
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Heart Fail Rev 17:325-44 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-011-9257-z
Reference
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New Molecular Insights of Insulin in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
  Journal
Front Physiol 7:125 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2016.00125
Reference
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Can J Cardiol S0828-282X(20)31115-6 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2020.11.014
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Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, theories and evidence to date.
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Murarka S, Movahed MR
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Diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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J Card Fail 16:971-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.07.249
Reference
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Thomas CM, Yong QC, Rosa RM, Seqqat R, Gopal S, Casarini DE, Jones WK, Gupta S, Baker KM, Kumar R
  Title
Cardiac-specific suppression of NF-kappaB signaling prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system.
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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 307:H1036-45 (2014)
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My Sweetheart Is Broken: Role of Glucose in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
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Intracellular angiotensin II production in diabetic rats is correlated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis.
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Reference
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Activation of the intracellular renin-angiotensin system in cardiac fibroblasts by high glucose: role in extracellular matrix production.
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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294:H1675-84 (2008)
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  Title
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Mol Cell Biochem 386:233-49 (2014)
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Vascular endothelial dysfunction, a major mediator in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Acta Pharmacol Sin 40:1-8 (2019)
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  Title
The pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis in the setting of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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J Am Coll Cardiol 47:693-700 (2006)
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Reference
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  Title
The Diabetic Cardiac Fibroblast: Mechanisms Underlying Phenotype and Function.
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Int J Mol Sci 21:E970 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/ijms21030970
Related
pathway
mlx00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
mlx00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
mlx00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
mlx00520  Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
mlx03320  PPAR signaling pathway
mlx04071  Sphingolipid signaling pathway
mlx04150  mTOR signaling pathway
mlx04210  Apoptosis
mlx04260  Cardiac muscle contraction
mlx04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
mlx04614  Renin-angiotensin system
mlx04910  Insulin signaling pathway
mlx04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
mlx04931  Insulin resistance
mlx04933  AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
mlx04940  Type I diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko05415   
LinkDB

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