Entry
Name
Chemokine signaling pathway - Physeter catodon (sperm whale)
Description
Inflammatory immune response requires the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation upon foreign insult. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for the cell trafficking and thus are vital for protective host response. In addition, chemokines regulate plethora of biological processes of hematopoietic cells to lead cellular activation, differentiation and survival.
The chemokine signal is transduced by chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) expressed on the immune cells. After receptor activation, the alpha- and beta-gamma-subunits of G protein dissociate to activate diverse downstream pathways resulting in cellular polarization and actin reorganization. Various members of small GTPases are involved in this process. Induction of nitric oxide and production of reactive oxygen species are as well regulated by chemokine signal via calcium mobilization and diacylglycerol production.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Physeter catodon (sperm whale) [GN:
pcad ]
Gene
102981375 growth-regulated protein homolog gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K05505 ]
102985552 CX3CR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CX3C chemokine receptor 1 [KO:K04192 ]
102977655 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220 ]
102981574 STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221 ]
102976764 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
102994339 STAT5B; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B [KO:K11224 ]
102996618 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
102997009 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
102996666 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
102978925 SOS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099 ]
102986098 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102978952 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102977108 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102975555 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
102991779 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
102991192 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
102983371 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102976409 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290 ]
102979209 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290 ]
102981135 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
102990276 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04392 ]
102990552 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
102975958 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
102986172 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
102975750 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
102982318 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
102990164 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
102995518 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
102981323 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07826 ]
102975548 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
102976421 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
112063837 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
112062012 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
112064782 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
112067655 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
112067178 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
102985729 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
102994418 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
112063854 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
102976485 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
112066479 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
112066563 GNGT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
102981772 PREX1; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein isoform X3 [KO:K12365 ]
102994282 ELMO1; engulfment and cell motility protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12366 ]
102974736 BCAR1; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K05726 ]
102979158 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
102995357 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102983015 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102992700 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102980632 TIAM1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1 isoform X2 [KO:K05731 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Wong MM, Fish EN
Title
Chemokines: attractive mediators of the immune response.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Curnock AP, Logan MK, Ward SG
Title
Chemokine signalling: pivoting around multiple phosphoinositide 3-kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Olson TS, Ley K
Title
Chemokines and chemokine receptors in leukocyte trafficking.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Busillo JM, Benovic JL
Title
Regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mellado M, Rodriguez-Frade JM, Manes S, Martinez-A C
Title
Chemokine signaling and functional responses: the role of receptor dimerization and TK pathway activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Knall C, Young S, Nick JA, Buhl AM, Worthen GS, Johnson GL
Title
Interleukin-8 regulation of the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in human neutrophils.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Patrussi L, Ulivieri C, Lucherini OM, Paccani SR, Gamberucci A, Lanfrancone L, Pelicci PG, Baldari CT
Title
p52Shc is required for CXCR4-dependent signaling and chemotaxis in T cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sai J, Raman D, Liu Y, Wikswo J, Richmond A
Title
Parallel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent and Src-dependent pathways lead to CXCL8-mediated Rac2 activation and chemotaxis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hauck CR, Klingbeil CK, Schlaepfer DD
Title
Focal adhesion kinase functions as a receptor-proximal signaling component required for directed cell migration.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chandrasekar B, Bysani S, Mummidi S
Title
CXCL16 signals via Gi, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, I kappa B kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B and induces cell-cell adhesion and aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith L, Webb A, Ward SG
Title
T-lymphocyte navigation and migration: beyond the PI3K paradigm.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Huttenrauch F, Pollok-Kopp B, Oppermann M
Title
G protein-coupled receptor kinases promote phosphorylation and beta-arrestin-mediated internalization of CCR5 homo- and hetero-oligomers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Thelen M, Stein JV
Title
How chemokines invite leukocytes to dance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ward SG, Marelli-Berg FM
Title
Mechanisms of chemokine and antigen-dependent T-lymphocyte navigation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schwartzberg PL, Finkelstein LD, Readinger JA
Title
TEC-family kinases: regulators of T-helper-cell differentiation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berg LJ, Finkelstein LD, Lucas JA, Schwartzberg PL.
Title
Tec family kinases in T lymphocyte development and function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ticchioni M, Essafi M, Jeandel PY, Davi F, Cassuto JP, Deckert M, Bernard A
Title
Homeostatic chemokines increase survival of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells through inactivation of transcription factor FOXO3a.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Korchak HM, Rossi MW, Kilpatrick LE
Title
Selective role for beta-protein kinase C in signaling for O-2 generation but not degranulation or adherence in differentiated HL60 cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Johnson Z, Power CA, Weiss C, Rintelen F, Ji H, Ruckle T, Camps M, Wells TN, Schwarz MK, Proudfoot AE, Rommel C
Title
Chemokine inhibition--why, when, where, which and how?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhelev DV, Alteraifi A
Title
Signaling in the motility responses of the human neutrophil.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bach TL, Chen QM, Kerr WT, Wang Y, Lian L, Choi JK, Wu D, Kazanietz MG, Koretzky GA, Zigmond S, Abrams CS
Title
Phospholipase cbeta is critical for T cell chemotaxis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hornstein I, Alcover A, Katzav S
Title
Vav proteins, masters of the world of cytoskeleton organization.
Journal
Related pathway
pcad04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
pcad04670 Leukocyte transendothelial migration
KO pathway
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