KEGG   PATHWAY: pcad05206
Entry
pcad05206                   Pathway                                
Name
MicroRNAs in cancer - Physeter catodon (sperm whale)
Description
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cluster of small non-encoding RNA molecules of 21 - 23 nucleotides in length, which controls gene expression post-transcriptionally either via the degradation of target mRNAs or the inhibition of protein translation. Using high-throughput profiling, dysregulation of miRNAs has been widely observed in different stages of cancer. The upregulation (overexpression) of specific miRNAs could lead to the repression of tumor suppressor gene expression, and conversely the downregulation of specific miRNAs could result in an increase of oncogene expression; both these situations induce subsequent malignant effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that lead to tumor growth and progress. The miRNA signatures of cancer observed in various studies differ significantly. These inconsistencies occur due to the differences in the study populations and methodologies used. This pathway map shows the summarized results from various studies in 9 cancers, each of which is presented in a review article.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
Pathway map
pcad05206  MicroRNAs in cancer
pcad05206

Organism
Physeter catodon (sperm whale) [GN:pcad]
Gene
102984551  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X2 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
102981902  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
102979100  TIMP3; metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 [KO:K16866]
102977125  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
102992532  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102992519  CDC25A; M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102979525  CDC25B; M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05866] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102978115  CDC25C; M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05867] [EC:3.1.3.48]
112064716  HMGA2; high mobility group protein HMGI-C [KO:K09283]
102996914  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
102981679  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 [KO:K10151]
102988829  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
102980091  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
102994214  CRK; adapter molecule crk isoform X1 [KO:K04438]
102990100  CRKL; crk-like protein [KO:K04438]
102975738  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X2 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102980648  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 isoform X4 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102978745  FOXP1; forkhead box protein P1 isoform X4 [KO:K23582]
102994543  PIM1; serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04702] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102987522  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102986976  DNMT3A; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A isoform X3 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
102981912  DNMT3B; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B isoform X1 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]
112061831  MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539]
102993677  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 homolog [KO:K02539]
102975296  bcl-2-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02163]
102975467  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102981739  VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X7 [KO:K05448]
102985960  ZEB1; zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 isoform X2 [KO:K09299]
102993033  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
102992810  EZR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ezrin [KO:K08007]
102980483  PDCD4; programmed cell death protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K16865]
114485354  CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102983478  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102991594  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102986180  TPM1; tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X2 [KO:K10373]
102989429  SPRY2; protein sprouty homolog 2 [KO:K17383]
102987942  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
102986713  serpin B5 [KO:K10139]
102992773  ST14; suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein isoform X1 [KO:K08670] [EC:3.4.21.109]
102981351  cytochrome P450 1B1 [KO:K07410] [EC:1.14.14.1]
102991493  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X2 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102990076  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X2 [KO:K07204]
102977275  1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K07436] [EC:1.14.15.16]
102990192  ERBB2; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05083] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102975550  ERBB3; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05084] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102988541  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 isoform X1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102996708  TP63; tumor protein 63 isoform X1 [KO:K10149]
102988828  ZEB2; zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 isoform X1 [KO:K23560]
102988624  FSCN1; fascin [KO:K23551]
102994734  RASSF1; ras association domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K09850]
102993421  HOXD10; homeobox protein Hox-D10 [KO:K09295]
102989531  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
102984778  BMF; bcl-2-modifying factor [KO:K17460]
102974221  PAK4; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05734] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102977941  MMP9; matrix metalloproteinase-9 [KO:K01403] [EC:3.4.24.35]
102995695  SLC7A1; high affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13863]
102990673  CCNG1; cyclin-G1 isoform X1 [KO:K10145]
102976084  HMOX1; heme oxygenase 1 [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
102982651  STMN1; stathmin [KO:K04381]
102976764  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
102988128  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
102977692  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
102994715  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X2 [KO:K02833]
102992439  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase NRas-like [KO:K07828]
102982641  NRAS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
102989055  DNMT1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 isoform X3 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
102990003  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
102973647  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
102992290  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
102975555  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
102991779  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102991192  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
102983466  MAPK7; mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 [KO:K04464] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102986098  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102978952  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102977108  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102996054  HNRNPK; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K isoform X1 [KO:K12886]
102976569  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K-like [KO:K12886]
102996386  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K-like [KO:K12886]
102987679  RECK; reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs isoform X2 [KO:K17461]
102976146  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
112064787  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X2 [KO:K07187]
102982122  NOTCH1; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 [KO:K02599]
102990689  NOTCH2; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 [KO:K20994]
102974641  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K20995]
102974807  NOTCH4; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K20996]
102993164  BMI1; polycomb complex protein BMI-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11459]
102979024  MMP16; matrix metalloproteinase-16 [KO:K07996] [EC:3.4.24.-]
102975752  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102992710  SOCS1; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 [KO:K04694]
102978862  CD44; CD44 antigen isoform X1 [KO:K06256]
102977906  DICER1; endoribonuclease Dicer isoform X1 [KO:K11592] [EC:3.1.26.-]
102991087  FZD3; frizzled-3 isoform X2 [KO:K02329]
102983046  ITGA5; integrin alpha-5 [KO:K06484]
102993531  RDX; radixin isoform X2 [KO:K05762]
102983639  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
102994257  PLAU; urokinase-type plasminogen activator isoform X1 [KO:K01348] [EC:3.4.21.73]
102991092  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
102988161  ZFPM2; zinc finger protein ZFPM2 [KO:K17442]
102988740  ITGB3; integrin beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K06493]
102973769  SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9-B [KO:K10577]
102996261  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9-like [KO:K10577]
112064369  SOX4; transcription factor SOX-4 [KO:K23581]
102986674  TNN; tenascin-N isoform X1 [KO:K06252]
102984868  TNXB; tenascin-X isoform X1 [KO:K06252]
102994805  TNC; tenascin isoform X1 [KO:K06252]
102987616  TNR; tenascin-R [KO:K06252]
102983270  ABCB1; ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 isoform X1 [KO:K05658] [EC:7.6.2.2]
102994606  ABCC1; multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05665] [EC:7.6.2.3]
102986597  BRCA1; breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein [KO:K10605] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102995437  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
102994898  EFNA4; ephrin-A4 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
102996270  EFNA5; ephrin-A5 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
102989372  EFNA3; ephrin-A3 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
102974882  EFNA2; ephrin-A2 [KO:K05462]
102989089  EFNA1; ephrin-A1 isoform X2 [KO:K05462]
102995420  THBS1; thrombospondin-1 [KO:K16857]
102980646  IGF2BP1; insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 [KO:K17391]
102995524  TRIM71; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM71 [KO:K12035] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102981135  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
102976706  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102982708  PTGS2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
102984305  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102989074  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102974888  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102974383  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102983841  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
114483947  growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
102982240  FGFR3; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 isoform X4 [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102989152  RPS6KA5; ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04445] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102985658  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
102980125  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X1 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102995079  MDM4; protein Mdm4 isoform X1 [KO:K10127]
102994349  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102992700  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102983230  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102987866  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102992191  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102994150  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102991639  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
102981677  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2-like [KO:K03099]
102978925  SOS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
102991486  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
102989848  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A [KO:K04359]
102988652  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K17449]
102982885  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386]
102995915  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102984840  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A-like isoform X3 [KO:K06621]
102993481  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
102996979  transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389]
102976319  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
112062101  MARCKS; myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate [KO:K12561]
102993283  BMPR2; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04671] [EC:2.7.11.30]
102993806  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102991367  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102994010  EZH2; histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 isoform X7 [KO:K11430] [EC:2.1.1.356]
102984477  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
102978503  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X4 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
102993364  SIRT1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 isoform X3 [KO:K11411] [EC:2.3.1.286]
102993662  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 isoform X2 [KO:K00312]
102986761  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
102996885  CDCA5; sororin [KO:K17390]
102988560  KIF23; kinesin-like protein KIF23 isoform X1 [KO:K17387]
102987332  ROCK1; rho-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04514] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102988770  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102988438  SLC45A3; solute carrier family 45 member 3 [KO:K15379]
102989488  VIM; vimentin [KO:K07606]
Reference
PMID:18817506
  Authors
Lee YS, Dutta A
  Title
MicroRNAs in cancer.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pathol 4:199-227 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092222
Reference
PMID:21402473
  Authors
Babashah S, Soleimani M
  Title
The oncogenic and tumour suppressive roles of microRNAs in cancer and apoptosis.
  Journal
Eur J Cancer 47:1127-37 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.02.008
Reference
PMID:19630570
  Authors
Garzon R, Calin GA, Croce CM
  Title
MicroRNAs in Cancer.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 60:167-79 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.med.59.053006.104707
Reference
PMID:23075324
  Authors
Chen PS, Su JL, Hung MC
  Title
Dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer.
  Journal
J Biomed Sci 19:90 (2012)
DOI:10.1186/1423-0127-19-90
Reference
PMID:22035854
  Authors
Ling H, Zhang W, Calin GA
  Title
Principles of microRNA involvement in human cancers.
  Journal
Chin J Cancer 30:739-48 (2011)
DOI:10.5732/cjc.011.10243
Reference
PMID:22351564
  Authors
Iorio MV, Croce CM
  Title
MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics. A comprehensive review.
  Journal
EMBO Mol Med 4:143-59 (2012)
DOI:10.1002/emmm.201100209
Reference
PMID:21742789
  Authors
Sayed D, Abdellatif M
  Title
MicroRNAs in development and disease.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 91:827-87 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2010
Reference
PMID:22345301
  Authors
Wang Q, Wang S, Wang H, Li P, Ma Z
  Title
MicroRNAs: novel biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prediction and treatment.
  Journal
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 237:227-35 (2012)
DOI:10.1258/ebm.2011.011192
Reference
PMID:22580099
  Authors
Song JH, Meltzer SJ
  Title
MicroRNAs in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of gastroesophageal cancers.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:35-47.e2 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.003
Reference
PMID:23462054
  Authors
Chu Y, Zhu H, Lv L, Zhou Y, Huo J
  Title
MiRNA s in oesophageal squamous cancer.
  Journal
Neth J Med 71:69-75 (2013)
Reference
PMID:19773200
  Authors
Kan T, Meltzer SJ
  Title
MicroRNAs in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
Curr Opin Pharmacol 9:727-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2009.08.009
Reference
PMID:20128019
  Authors
Smith CM, Watson DI, Michael MZ, Hussey DJ
  Title
MicroRNAs, development of Barrett's esophagus, and progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 16:531-7 (2010)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v16.i5.531
Reference
PMID:23165235
  Authors
Song S, Ajani JA
  Title
The role of microRNAs in cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:109-18 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.210
Reference
PMID:21565290
  Authors
Liu WH, Yeh SH, Chen PJ
  Title
Role of microRNAs in hepatitis B virus replication and pathogenesis.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1809:678-85 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.04.008
Reference
PMID:23091478
  Authors
Hrasovec S, Glavac D
  Title
MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer.
  Journal
Front Genet 3:180 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2012.00180
Reference
PMID:22926415
  Authors
Liu H
  Title
MicroRNAs in breast cancer initiation and progression.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 69:3587-99 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-012-1128-9
Reference
PMID:20345848
  Authors
Li SD, Zhang JR, Wang YQ, Wan XP
  Title
The role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer initiation and progression.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 14:2240-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01058.x
Reference
PMID:23316212
  Authors
Zabolotneva AA, Zhavoronkov A, Garazha AV, Roumiantsev SA, Buzdin AA
  Title
Characteristic patterns of microRNA expression in human bladder cancer.
  Journal
Front Genet 3:310 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2012.00310
Reference
PMID:20221895
  Authors
Saini S, Majid S, Dahiya R
  Title
Diet, microRNAs and prostate cancer.
  Journal
Pharm Res 27:1014-26 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s11095-010-0086-x
Related
pathway
pcad05210  Colorectal cancer
pcad05214  Glioma
pcad05215  Prostate cancer
pcad05219  Bladder cancer
pcad05222  Small cell lung cancer
pcad05223  Non-small cell lung cancer
KO pathway
ko05206   
LinkDB

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