KEGG   PATHWAY: ptr05012
Entry
ptr05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
ptr05012  Parkinson disease
ptr05012

Organism
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) [GN:ptr]
Gene
458714  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
455285  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633]
469986  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X5 [KO:K04632]
104003639  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
451553  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]
457093  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
472425  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
744773  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
470905  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
469367  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X11 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
472944  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107966260  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
744598  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
749307  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
744322  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 isoform X1 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
735674  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X2 [KO:K02927]
104007830  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
743830  40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
101059860  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
468372  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
467151  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
748061  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 isoform X1 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
466588  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 isoform X2 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
457188  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
462883  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
474042  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X2 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
750513  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 isoform X2 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
741350  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin isoform X1 [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
461375  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
738926  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
458652  SEPT5; septin-5 isoform X2 [KO:K04557]
462021  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
452861  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
472653  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
453569  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 isoform X2 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
458383  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
468505  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
469795  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112204966  proteasome subunit alpha type-5-like [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112207728  proteasome subunit alpha type-5-like [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
451040  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 isoform X3 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
467469  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
454453  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 isoform X2 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
464723  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
454616  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
469277  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
467401  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
473258  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
457293  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
463632  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
453097  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K03062]
737578  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
452909  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
451172  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A isoform X2 [KO:K03065]
454777  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
460887  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
470674  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
454640  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
465187  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
454836  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
454574  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03036]
465457  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X2 [KO:K03037]
454240  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
450913  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
100192399  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03029]
459686  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
456007  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
458386  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691]
747549  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
461185  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
737566  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
466008  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
459213  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
738819  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
456153  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
743250  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
453534  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K02183]
461445  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X14 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
462189  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
738330  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
738167  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
450177  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau [KO:K04380]
453296  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
460134  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
473389  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
462618  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
458253  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
464733  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
457461  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha isoform X3 [KO:K09054]
452017  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X1 [KO:K04452]
454769  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
458735  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
459388  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
452980  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
744513  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
450955  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase isoform X1 [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
465588  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
743285  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
750842  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05036]
464032  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter [KO:K08155]
466213  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
451897  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K21398]
465210  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
455575  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
457340  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
464462  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 isoform X2 [KO:K14710]
451991  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
468523  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
462603  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 precursor [KO:K14713]
461405  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 isoform X1 [KO:K14714]
452998  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
459841  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 isoform X1 [KO:K14716]
454853  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
739440  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X3 [KO:K14718]
743682  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
464044  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
807867  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807865  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807870  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807863  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807868  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807860  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
807861  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
747209  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
455295  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100608425  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
736470  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03944]
100608263  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
462119  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 isoform X3 [KO:K03946]
100614219  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
741211  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
100609725  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03948]
739861  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
463686  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
458981  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
743262  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
464897  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
451766  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03953]
470696  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03954]
744435  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03955]
739803  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
452134  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
455877  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
453115  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
463780  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03958]
459871  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
107968313  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03959]
460612  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
471008  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03961]
100611615  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
468748  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
744716  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03964]
464380  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
746648  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
473588  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K11351]
459896  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
747334  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
451175  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
461878  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03937]
456776  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
107969209  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5-like [KO:K03938]
100613331  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5-like [KO:K03938]
742848  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03939]
100126358  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
451375  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
461494  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
451445  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
107974583  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
107970891  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
456526  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
747462  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00236]
451547  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00237]
112207632  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00237]
741344  UQCRFS1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
807858  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
472893  CYC1; cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
460348  UQCRC1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
468094  UQCRC2; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
742376  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
464294  UQCRB; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
107974864  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
735808  UQCR10; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K00419]
743144  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
807869  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
807866  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
807864  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
469913  COX4I2; uncharacterized protein COX4I2 isoform X3 [KO:K02263]
454391  COX4I1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
100610650  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02263]
453750  COX5A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02264]
741789  COX5B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
742678  COX6A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
100616508  COX6A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
745426  COX6B1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
112207846  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
469014  COX6B2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
741071  COX6C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
459181  COX7A2L; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100609529  COX7A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
738626  COX7A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100615314  COX7B2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
465727  COX7B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
739452  COX7C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02272]
740780  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
742828  COX8A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02273]
100608033  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
455397  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02132]
451999  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
450294  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
742197  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
100613526  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
735962  ATP synthase subunit epsilon-like protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
807859  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
457109  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
470584  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
455195  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
451943  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02128]
736468  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
473976  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
744512  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02131]
807862  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
749028  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
466291  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
745893  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
459339  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
453868  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
745717  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05862]
738876  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15040]
737891  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15041]
461632  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
742937  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
736938  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
107972834  ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
101057286  ADP/ATP translocase 3-like [KO:K05863]
112206875  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
450545  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
742456  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
744779  CYCS; cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
107972317  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
104002760  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
107967841  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
107967209  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
112204199  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
107973044  cytochrome c-like isoform X1 [KO:K08738]
452153  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K02084]
456457  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X2 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
461669  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
465864  protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1-like [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
746063  PARK7; protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
458156  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
747093  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
460861  MFN1; mitofusin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
457958  MFN2; mitofusin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
450390  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
452019  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
470557  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
466670  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
468918  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
735843  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
453188  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X11 [KO:K10407]
470654  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
451875  TUBA1A; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
451876  TUBA1C; tubulin alpha-1C chain isoform X3 [KO:K07374]
458641  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
452423  TUBA1B; tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
466007  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
736248  TUBA3E; tubulin alpha-3E chain [KO:K07374]
465169  TUBA3C; tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
104004490  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
107973630  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
455508  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain isoform X2 [KO:K07375]
471960  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
462399  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
462400  TUBB2B; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
465170  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
736308  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
747817  tubulin beta-8 chain-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
750209  tubulin beta-8 chain isoform X2 [KO:K07375]
468685  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
100613658  TUBB3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
739035  TUBB8; tubulin beta-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
112209436  tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
746788  tubulin beta-8 chain-like [KO:K07375]
738663  tubulin beta-8 chain-like [KO:K07375]
100608468  tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]
737774  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-8 chain-like protein [KO:K07375]
455214  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X2 [KO:K04451]
471742  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
742622  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
740248  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
104003761  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
100616026  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
462613  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X2 [KO:K02308]
463023  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
450445  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
461358  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
462336  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
449637  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
455706  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
  Authors
Olanow CW, McNaught KS
  Title
Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/mds.21013
Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z
Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00337-4
Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nm.2165
Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-014-1866-0
Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
  Authors
Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
DOI:10.1242/dmm.028738
Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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Reference
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  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.162750
Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
Bose A, Beal MF
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.13731
Reference
PMID:27581196
  Authors
Cieri D, Brini M, Cali T
  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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Reference
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  Authors
Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:21674642
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Reference
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  Authors
Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:25761946
  Authors
Franco-Iborra S, Vila M, Perier C
  Title
The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
  Journal
Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
DOI:10.1177/1073858415574600
Reference
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  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:20736035
  Authors
Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.08.007
Reference
PMID:25611507
  Authors
Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
  Title
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.007
Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
  Title
PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
  Journal
J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28823929
  Authors
Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.005
Reference
PMID:29147906
  Authors
Oh SE, Mouradian MM
  Title
Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
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Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:31054074
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Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
  Title
Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
  Authors
Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
  Authors
Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
  Title
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
  Title
Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
ptr00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
ptr00350  Tyrosine metabolism
ptr03050  Proteasome
ptr04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ptr04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
ptr04137  Mitophagy - animal
ptr04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ptr04210  Apoptosis
ptr04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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