KEGG   PATHWAY: ray05012
Entry
ray05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
ray05012  Parkinson disease
ray05012

Organism
Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette) [GN:ray]
Gene
107500692  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
107497716  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633]
107500068  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]
107500067  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
107512952  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]
107516134  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
107518173  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
107513376  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
107518038  ADCY5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107519437  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107511590  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107515942  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
107504733  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
107504734  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
107508185  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
107510026  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
107501538  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
107513363  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 isoform X1 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
107503736  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
107503842  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
107519689  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
107497131  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02977]
107511054  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
107497851  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 isoform X1 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
107518415  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
107510708  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 isoform X1 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
107508661  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
107510209  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
107507665  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
107501685  PARK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
107518942  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
107500221  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
107521865  SEPT5; septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04557]
107511144  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
107514414  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107497282  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107500521  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107503668  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107518428  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107516149  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107519400  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107502125  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107509459  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107506651  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107520678  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107512091  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107498041  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107500159  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107499048  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
107511508  PSMC2; 26S protease regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
107515474  PSMC1; 26S protease regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
107521811  PSMC4; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
107498130  PSMC6; 26S protease regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
107511840  PSMC3; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
107501981  PSMC5; 26S protease regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
107504916  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
107504976  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03032]
107520710  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
107515236  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693]
107502179  PSMD12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
107514642  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
107513474  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
107511919  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
107506504  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
107498998  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
107508548  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
107499882  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14-like [KO:K03030]
107520970  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
107503669  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
107504477  SHFM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit DSS1 [KO:K10881]
107518760  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
107509556  CALM2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
107508927  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
107515457  CALM1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
107516034  CALM3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
107501627  calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
107510894  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
107512385  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
107497167  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
107498266  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
107508176  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
107518789  RYR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
107504134  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
107497427  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
107511965  ITPR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
107506741  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
107506635  HSPA5; 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
107502472  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
107501502  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
107502023  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
107520486  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
107512376  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107503258  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
107500816  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
107513264  TH; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
107506380  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
107498765  amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
107498766  amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A-like isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
107499955  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
107503755  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter [KO:K08155]
107509743  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
107509802  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
107521095  SLC39A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc transporter ZIP2 [KO:K14709]
107509163  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
107513495  zinc transporter ZIP2-like [KO:K14709]
107520142  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
107503462  SLC39A4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
107521266  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
107501297  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 isoform X1 [KO:K14712]
107511985  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
107517910  SLC39A8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
107503269  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
107508403  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
107510268  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
107513666  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
107511841  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
107509228  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
3666157  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3666158  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3666159  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3666160  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3666161  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3666162  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3666163  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
107503551  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
107498174  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
107510187  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03944]
107521562  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
107503054  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
107518757  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
107501488  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
107500215  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
107505569  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
107519918  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03951]
107516331  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
107513442  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
107510586  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
107516106  NDUFAB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
107510995  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
107519774  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
107503701  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
107511238  NDUFB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
107504059  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
107503161  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
107517762  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
107501648  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961]
107502802  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
107519420  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
107499769  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
107521586  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
107506067  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
107501551  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
107505180  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
107504677  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
107511837  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
107509658  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
107517069  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
107499974  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
107500941  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
107503528  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
107515342  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
107519203  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
107499960  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
107501827  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
107504683  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
107512967  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
107515880  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
3666156  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
107503471  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
107513320  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
107516078  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
107517907  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
107500346  uncharacterized protein LOC107500346 isoform X1 [KO:K00417]
107497034  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
107520492  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
107500917  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
3666155  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
3666153  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
3666154  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
107502351  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
107512889  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
107510524  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
107509970  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
107505626  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
107501251  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
107513145  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
107515431  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
107497665  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
107511938  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
107507599  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
107509286  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
107509593  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
107497645  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
107503849  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
107519004  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
107498048  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
107497080  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
107512344  ATP5A1; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
107521221  ATP5B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
107505971  ATP5C1; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
107500926  ATP5D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
107500091  ATP5E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
3666151  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
107516139  ATP5F1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
107509866  ATP5G2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
107504969  ATP5G3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
107503791  ATP5H; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
107520368  ATP5O; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
107508540  ATP5J; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
3666152  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
107513041  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107516793  calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
107514208  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107502930  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
107521666  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
107506795  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
107518519  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
107501347  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
107512501  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
107510449  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
107506524  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
107512547  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
107498648  ADP/ATP translocase 3-like [KO:K05863]
107520810  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
107518128  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
107517482  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
107501830  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
107510456  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
107517703  PARK7; protein deglycase DJ-1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
107512887  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
107498831  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
107518226  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
107513128  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
107507537  mitofusin-2-like [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
107513931  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain isoform 5C [KO:K10396]
107518439  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
107501516  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform 5A isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
107513627  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
107497533  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
107498378  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
107501964  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
107516782  tubulin alpha-1B chain-like [KO:K07374]
107500328  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
107497847  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha-3 chain-like [KO:K07374]
107497857  tubulin alpha-3 chain-like [KO:K07374]
107514242  tubulin alpha-1A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
107514243  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
107516732  tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
107502098  tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
107503105  TUBB4B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
107511148  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
107521721  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
107521722  tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
107500090  TUBB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
107497724  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
107498082  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
107515689  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
107511030  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
107514669  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
107502633  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
107519264  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
107519554  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
107511976  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
107521291  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
107512328  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107509910  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107515392  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107519576  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
107515092  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
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Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
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Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:12938733
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Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
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IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
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Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
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Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:15767499
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Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
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Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
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Reference
PMID:16972273
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Olanow CW, McNaught KS
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Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:18047737
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Lim KL, Tan JM
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Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
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PMID:29090092
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Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
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PMID:12814656
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Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
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Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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PMID:20495568
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Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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PMID:24781149
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:19230774
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Bezprozvanny I
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Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:28468938
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Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
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The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28838811
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  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:19663908
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Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
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FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
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PMID:23352769
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An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
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Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
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ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
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Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:26297973
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Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:31100053
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Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
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Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
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Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
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Reference
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Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
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Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
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Reference
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  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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PMID:27911343
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Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
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Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
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Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
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Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
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Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Related
pathway
ray00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
ray00350  Tyrosine metabolism
ray03050  Proteasome
ray04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ray04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
ray04137  Mitophagy - animal
ray04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ray04210  Apoptosis
ray04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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