KEGG   DISEASE: Hyperlipidemia
Entry
H01635                      Disease                                
Name
Hyperlipidemia
  Subgroup
Familial hypercholesterolemia [DS:H00155]
Familial combined hyperlipidemia [DS:H00153]
Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa [DS:H01383]
Hyperlipoproteinemia, type III [DS:H00156]
Primary hyperchylomicronemia [DS:H01784]
Hypertriglyceridemia [DS:H01637]
Description
Dyslipidemia is a condition characterized by either an increase or decrease in concentration of lipids in the blood. Hyperlipidemia, which refers to an increase in cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), or both, is the most common form of dyslipidemia. Hyperlipidemias can be classified as familial (also called primary) caused by an inherited gene mutation, or acquired (also called secondary) when resulting from underlying disorders that lead to alterations in plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The causes of acquired hyperlipidemia include dietary, alcohol intake, oral contraceptives, diabetes mellitus, and pharmacological agents (e.g., retinoic acid derivatives, steroids, and beta-blockers). Familial hyperlipidemias are classified according to the Fredrickson classification (hyperlipoproteinemia types I to V) which is based on lipoprotein analyses by electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation. It was later adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO). Hyperlipidemias are also classified according to which types of lipids are elevated. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and combined hyperlipidemia refer to elevations involving the major cholesterol-rich lipoproteins (LDL), triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (VLDL), and both, respectively.
Category
Endocrine and metabolic disease
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
 05 Endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases
  Metabolic disorders
   Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism or certain specified lipidaemias
    5C80  Hyperlipoproteinaemia
     H01635  Hyperlipidemia
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
 Endocrine system
  nt06320  APOB-LDLR signaling
   H01635  Hyperlipidemia
Network
nt06320 APOB-LDLR signaling
Gene
(Hyperlipoproteinemia type 1) APOC2 [HSA:344] [KO:K22287]
(Hyperlipoproteinemia type 1,2) LPL [HSA:4023] [KO:K01059]
(Hyperlipoproteinemia type 2) LDLR [HSA:3949] [KO:K12473]
(Hyperlipoproteinemia type 5) APOA5 [HSA:116519] [KO:K09025]
Drug
Niacin [DR:D00049]
Simvastatin [DR:D00434]
Lovastatin [DR:D00359]
Pravastatin sodium [DR:D00893]
Fluvastatin sodium [DR:D00892]
Atorvastatin calcium [DR:D02258]
Atorvastatin calcium propylene glycol solvate [DR:D11095]
Pitavastatin calcium [DR:D01862]
Pitavastatin magnesium [DR:D11092]
Gemfibrozil [DR:D00334]
Fenofibrate [DR:D00565]
Choline fenofibrate [DR:D08890]
Cholestyramine resin [DR:D02690]
Colestipol hydrochloride [DR:D02113]
Colesevelam hydrochloride [DR:D03582]
Ezetimibe [DR:D01966]
Evolocumab [DR:D10557]
Alirocumab [DR:D10335]
Niacin and lovastatin [DR:D10292]
Ezetimibe and simvastatin [DR:D10257]
Amlodipine besilate and atorvastatin calcium [DR:D08488]
Ezetimibe and rosuvastatin [DR:D11520]
Fenofibric acid [DR:D11579]
Other DBs
ICD-11: 5C80
ICD-10: E78
MeSH: D006949
OMIM: 238600 207750 143890 144250 144650
Reference
  Authors
Alwaili K, Alrasadi K, Awan Z, Genest J
  Title
Approach to the diagnosis and management of lipoprotein disorders.
  Journal
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 16:132-40 (2009)
DOI:10.1097/MED.0b013e328329135a
Reference
PMID:4930042
  Authors
Beaumont JL, Carlson LA, Cooper GR, Fejfar Z, Fredrickson DS, Strasser T
  Title
Classification of hyperlipidaemias and hyperlipoproteinaemias.
  Journal
Bull World Health Organ 43:891-915 (1970)
Reference
PMID:193431
  Authors
Havel RJ
  Title
Classifications of the hyperlipidemias.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 28:195-209 (1977)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.me.28.020177.001211
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