Entry Name Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis - Bos taurus (cow)
Description Cell surface proteins can be attached to the cell membrane via the glycolipid structure called glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Hundreds of GPI-anchored proteins have been identified in many eukaryotes ranging from protozoa and fungi to mammals. All protein-linked GPI anchors share a common core structure, characterized by the substructure Man (a1-4) GlcN (a1-6) myo-inositol-1P-lipid. Biosynthesis of GPI anchors proceeds in three stages: (i) preassembly of a GPI precursor in the ER membrane, (ii) attachment of the GPI to the C-terminus of a newly synthesized protein in the lumen of the ER, and (iii) lipid remodeling and/or carbohydrate side-chain modifications in the ER and the Golgi. Defects of GPI anchor biosynthesis gene result in a genetic disorder, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Class Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolismBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map bta00563 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis
Module Other DBs Organism Bos taurus (cow) [GN:
bta ]
Gene 100298680 PIGX; phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class X protein [KO:K07541 ]
287025 GPLD1; phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D precursor [KO:K01127 ] [EC:3.1.4.50 ]
504677 PGAP1; GPI inositol-deacylase [KO:K05294 ] [EC:3.-.-.-]
504724 PIGT; GPI transamidase component PIG-T precursor [KO:K05292 ]
508048 PIGQ; phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Q isoform X3 [KO:K03860 ]
509680 PIGM; GPI mannosyltransferase 1 [KO:K05284 ] [EC:2.4.1.-]
510483 PIGC; phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit C [KO:K03859 ]
511496 PIGG; GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 2 [KO:K05310 ] [EC:2.7.-.-]
513258 PGAP3; post-GPI attachment to proteins factor 3 precursor [KO:K23553 ]
513395 GPAA1; glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein [KO:K05289 ]
514374 PIGY; phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Y [KO:K11001 ]
515306 PIGH; phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit H [KO:K03858 ]
519213 PIGV; GPI mannosyltransferase 2 [KO:K07542 ] [EC:2.4.1.-]
523737 DPM2; dolichol phosphate-mannose biosynthesis regulatory protein [KO:K09658 ]
525095 PIGN; GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 1 [KO:K05285 ] [EC:2.7.-.-]
535138 PIGU; phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U protein isoform X1 [KO:K05293 ]
540520 PGAP2; post-GPI attachment to proteins factor 2 [KO:K23552 ]
616044 PIGB; GPI mannosyltransferase 3 [KO:K05286 ] [EC:2.4.1.-]
767951 PIGP; phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit P [KO:K03861 ]
768015 PIGF; phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein [KO:K05287 ]
768052 PIGW; phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class W protein [KO:K05283 ] [EC:2.3.-.-]
783989 PIGO; GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05288 ] [EC:2.7.-.-]
786832 PGAP4; post-GPI attachment to proteins factor 4 [KO:K26235 ]
Compound C00350 Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
G10610 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
G10617 Dolichyl phosphate D-mannose
G12396 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol
Reference Authors Eisenhaber B, Maurer-Stroh S, Novatchkova M, Schneider G, Eisenhaber F.
Title Enzymes and auxiliary factors for GPI lipid anchor biosynthesis and post-translational transfer to proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Kinoshita T, Inoue N.
Title Dissecting and manipulating the pathway for glycosylphos-phatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.
Journal Reference Authors Fankhauser C, Homans SW, Thomas-Oates JE, McConville MJ, Desponds C, Conzelmann A, Ferguson MA.
Title Structures of glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Journal J Biol Chem 268:26365-74 (1993)
Reference Authors Murakami Y, Siripanyapinyo U, Hong Y, Kang JY, Ishihara S, Nakakuma H, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
Title PIG-W is critical for inositol acylation but not for flipping of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor.
Journal Reference Authors Benachour A, Sipos G, Flury I, Reggiori F, Canivenc-Gansel E, Vionnet C, Conzelmann A, Benghezal M.
Title Deletion of GPI7, a yeast gene required for addition of a side chain to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) core structure, affects GPI protein transport, remodeling, and cell wall integrity.
Journal Reference Authors Tanaka S, Maeda Y, Tashima Y, Kinoshita T.
Title Inositol deacylation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins is mediated by mammalian PGAP1 and yeast Bst1p.
Journal Reference Authors Hong Y, Ohishi K, Kang JY, Tanaka S, Inoue N, Nishimura J, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
Title Human PIG-U and yeast Cdc91p are the fifth subunit of GPI transamidase that attaches GPI-anchors to proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Tanaka S, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
Title [Biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins]
Journal Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 48:990-6 (2003)
Reference Authors Kang JY, Hong Y, Ashida H, Shishioh N, Murakami Y, Morita YS, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
Title PIG-V involved in transferring the second mannose in glycosylphosphatidylinositol.
Journal Reference Authors Ashida H, Hong Y, Murakami Y, Shishioh N, Sugimoto N, Kim YU, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.
Title Mammalian PIG-X and yeast Pbn1p are the essential components of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I.
Journal Reference Authors Fujita M
Title [Biosynthesis and remodeling of GPI-anchored proteins].
Journal Seikagaku 85:985-95 (2013)
Reference Authors Kinoshita T
Title [Biochemistry of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins].
Journal Seikagaku 86:626-36 (2014)
Reference Authors Fujita M, Maeda Y, Ra M, Yamaguchi Y, Taguchi R, Kinoshita T
Title GPI glycan remodeling by PGAP5 regulates transport of GPI-anchored proteins from the ER to the Golgi.
Journal Reference Authors Kinoshita T, Fujita M
Title Biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins: special emphasis on GPI lipid remodeling.
Journal Reference Authors Yang G, Banfield DK.
Title Cdc1p is a Golgi-localized glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein remodelase.
Journal Reference Authors Kinoshita T.
Title Biosynthesis and biology of mammalian GPI-anchored proteins.
Journal Related KO pathway
