Entry Name Fat digestion and absorption - Bos taurus (cow)
Description Fat is an important energy source from food. More than 95% of dietary fat is long-chain triacylglycerols (TAG), the remaining being phospholipids (4.5%) and sterols. In the small intestine lumen, dietary TAG is hydrolyzed to fatty acids (FA) and monoacylglycerols (MAG) by pancreatic lipase. These products are then emulsified with the help of phospholipids (PL) and bile acids (BA) present in bile to form micelles. Free FAs and MAGs are taken up by the enterocyte where they are rapidly resynthesized in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form TAG. PLs from the diet as well as bile - mainly LPA - too are absorbed by the enterocyte and are acylated to form phosphatidic acid (PA), which is also converted into TAG. Absorbed cholesterol (CL) is acylated to cholesterol esters (CE). Within the ER, TAG joins CE and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) to form chylomicrons that enter circulation through the lymph.
Class Organismal Systems; Digestive systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Bos taurus (cow) [GN:
bta ]
Gene 280868 MTTP; microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit precursor [KO:K14463 ]
282137 AGPAT1; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha precursor [KO:K13509 ] [EC:2.3.1.51 ]
282346 SCARB1; scavenger receptor class B member 1 [KO:K13885 ]
494318 PLA2G2D1; calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 PLA2G2D1 precursor [KO:K01047 ] [EC:3.1.1.4 ]
503625 PLA2G2D4; calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 PLA2G2D4 precursor [KO:K01047 ] [EC:3.1.1.4 ]
504978 PLA2G2C; putative inactive group IIC secretory phospholipase A2 [KO:K01047 ] [EC:3.1.1.4 ]
508829 ABCG8; ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8 [KO:K05684 ]
512112 AGPAT2; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta precursor [KO:K13509 ] [EC:2.3.1.51 ]
513787 SLC27A1; long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 precursor [KO:K08745 ] [EC:6.2.1.-]
514427 SLC27A4; long-chain fatty acid transport protein 4 [KO:K08745 ] [EC:6.2.1.-]
515536 ABCG5; ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 [KO:K05683 ]
515768 FABP2; fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal [KO:K08751 ]
535379 ABCA1; phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA1 [KO:K05641 ]
539550 NPC1L1; NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 [KO:K14461 ]
616241 PNLIPRP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inactive pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 [KO:K14074 ] [EC:3.1.1.3 ]
Compound C00681 1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Reference Authors Iqbal J, Hussain MM
Title Intestinal lipid absorption.
Journal Reference Authors Goodman BE
Title Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
Journal Reference Authors Niot I, Poirier H, Tran TT, Besnard P
Title Intestinal absorption of long-chain fatty acids: evidence and uncertainties.
Journal Reference Authors Shi Y, Burn P
Title Lipid metabolic enzymes: emerging drug targets for the treatment of obesity.
Journal Reference Authors Mansbach CM, Siddiqi SA
Title The biogenesis of chylomicrons.
Journal Reference Authors Shi Y, Cheng D
Title Beyond triglyceride synthesis: the dynamic functional roles of MGAT and DGAT enzymes in energy metabolism.
Journal Reference Authors Ros E
Title Intestinal absorption of triglyceride and cholesterol. Dietary and pharmacological inhibition to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Journal Reference Authors Yen CL, Farese RV Jr
Title MGAT2, a monoacylglycerol acyltransferase expressed in the small intestine.
Journal Reference Authors Levy E, Spahis S, Sinnett D, Peretti N, Maupas-Schwalm F, Delvin E, Lambert M, Lavoie MA
Title Intestinal cholesterol transport proteins: an update and beyond.
Journal Reference Authors Williams KJ
Title Molecular processes that handle -- and mishandle -- dietary lipids.
Journal Reference Authors Lu K, Lee MH, Patel SB
Title Dietary cholesterol absorption; more than just bile.
Journal Reference Authors Klett EL, Patel SB
Title Biomedicine. Will the real cholesterol transporter please stand up.
Journal Reference Authors Wang DQ
Title Regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption.
Journal Reference Authors Patel JP, Brocks DR
Title The effect of oral lipids and circulating lipoproteins on the metabolism of drugs.
Journal Reference Authors Hussain MM, Fatma S, Pan X, Iqbal J
Title Intestinal lipoprotein assembly.
Journal Reference Authors Kindel T, Lee DM, Tso P
Title The mechanism of the formation and secretion of chylomicrons.
Journal Related KO pathway
