KEGG   PATHWAY: eai04721
Entry
eai04721                    Pathway                                
Name
Synaptic vesicle cycle - Equus asinus (ass)
Description
Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
eai04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
eai04721

Other DBs
GO: 0016079 0048488
Organism
Equus asinus (ass) [GN:eai]
Gene
106835078  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
106836377  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
106831222  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
106824263  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
106827290  SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
106838291  SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302]
106831326  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
106831501  SYT1; synaptotagmin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K15290]
106844236  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
106825011  RAB3A; ras-related protein Rab-3A [KO:K07882]
106848524  RIMS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 [KO:K15291]
106837103  STX1A; syntaxin-1A [KO:K04560]
106831897  STX1B; syntaxin-1B isoform X1 [KO:K08486]
106841844  STX2; syntaxin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K08486]
106844398  STX3; syntaxin-3 isoform X3 [KO:K08486]
106845469  STXBP1; syntaxin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15292]
106830823  UNC13A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein unc-13 homolog A [KO:K15293]
106837151  UNC13C; protein unc-13 homolog C [KO:K15293]
106846991  UNC13B; protein unc-13 homolog B isoform X6 [KO:K15293]
106825827  SNAP25; synaptosomal-associated protein 25 isoform X1 [KO:K18211]
106843131  CPLX2; complexin-2 [KO:K15294]
106825439  CPLX1; complexin-1 [KO:K15294]
106842485  CPLX4; complexin-4 [KO:K15295]
106831269  CPLX3; complexin-3 [KO:K15295]
106844288  CACNA1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
106822757  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849]
106836491  NSF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vesicle-fusing ATPase [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
106845154  NAPA; alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein [KO:K15296]
106833823  DNM3; dynamin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
106845444  DNM1; dynamin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
106846633  DNM2; dynamin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
106826849  CLTA; clathrin light chain A isoform X1 [KO:K04644]
106821926  CLTB; clathrin light chain B isoform X1 [KO:K04645]
106841141  CLTC; clathrin heavy chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04646]
106824952  AP2A2; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
106824141  AP2A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 [KO:K11824]
106844649  AP2B1; AP-2 complex subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K11825]
106834525  AP2M1; AP-2 complex subunit mu isoform X1 [KO:K11826]
106845139  AP2S1; AP-2 complex subunit sigma [KO:K11827]
106829494  ATP6V1A; V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A [KO:K02145] [EC:7.1.2.2]
106828308  ATP6V1B1; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, kidney isoform [KO:K02147]
106831206  ATP6V1B2; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform [KO:K02147]
106822447  ATP6V1C1; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02148]
106846046  ATP6V1C2; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02148]
106827801  ATP6V1D; V-type proton ATPase subunit D [KO:K02149]
106839440  ATP6V1E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 [KO:K02150]
106826415  ATP6V1E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2 [KO:K02150]
106839535  ATP6V1F; V-type proton ATPase subunit F [KO:K02151]
106824221  ATP6V1G1; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 [KO:K02152]
106823534  ATP6V1G3; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 [KO:K02152]
106825027  ATP6V1G2; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 [KO:K02152]
106824297  ATP6V0E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 2 [KO:K02153]
106837349  ATP6V0E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1 [KO:K02153]
106842640  ATP6V0A4; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
106844252  TCIRG1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a3 isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
106826331  ATP6V0A1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a1 isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
106842224  ATP6V0A2; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a2 [KO:K02154]
106822427  ATP6V0D1; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 [KO:K02146]
106829848  ATP6V0D2; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02146]
106829587  ATP6V1H; V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform X2 [KO:K02144]
106836253  ATP6V0C; V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit [KO:K02155]
106836254  V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit-like [KO:K02155]
106847913  ATP6V0B; V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit [KO:K03661]
106835632  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
106822454  SLC6A2; sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05035]
106835898  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
106822048  SLC6A4; sodium-dependent serotonin transporter [KO:K05037]
106847909  SLC6A9; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05038]
106831351  SLC6A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 [KO:K05038]
106838494  SLC6A7; sodium-dependent proline transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05040]
106835631  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
106831520  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
106831521  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05046]
106843615  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05612]
106837486  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X3 [KO:K05613]
106824759  SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05614]
106831260  SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05617]
106833185  SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05618]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00388  Histamine
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00780  Serotonin
C01996  Acetylcholine
C03758  Dopamine
C16041  Leu-enkephalin
Reference
PMID:12827282
  Authors
Li L, Chin LS
  Title
The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 60:942-60 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-003-2240-7
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
PMID:18275379
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
  Journal
Annu Rev Biochem 77:615-41 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062005.101135
Reference
PMID:10212473
  Authors
Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
  Title
Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
  Journal
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354:243-57 (1999)
DOI:10.1098/rstb.1999.0376
Reference
PMID:20634814
  Authors
de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 10:568-79 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nri2803
Reference
PMID:17767192
  Authors
Carr CM, Munson M
  Title
Tag team action at the synapse.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 8:834-8 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.7401051
Reference
PMID:15217342
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509-47 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131412
Reference
PMID:12563290
  Authors
Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
  Title
Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:127-39 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1016
Reference
PMID:16990140
  Authors
Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell 126:1175-87 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.030
Reference
PMID:12094216
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:498-508 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrm855
Reference
PMID:7791897
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
  Journal
Nature 375:645-53 (1995)
DOI:10.1038/375645a0
Reference
PMID:12154365
  Authors
Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:641-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn898
Reference
PMID:18726177
  Authors
Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
  Title
Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 65:2814-32 (2008)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-008-8352-3
Related
pathway
eai04144  Endocytosis
eai04724  Glutamatergic synapse
eai04725  Cholinergic synapse
eai04726  Serotonergic synapse
eai04727  GABAergic synapse
eai04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04721   
LinkDB

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