KEGG   PATHWAY: llv04978
Entry
llv04978                    Pathway                                
Name
Mineral absorption - Lutra lutra (Eurasian river otter)
Description
Minerals are one of the five fundamental groups of nutrients needed to sustain life. Of the minerals, calcium plays innumerable roles in our bodies, serving as a main component of bone as well as an intracellular messenger in muscle contraction/relaxation, neural networks, the immune system, and endocrine/exocrine cells. Iron, copper, and other metals are required for redox reactions (as cofactors) and for oxygen transport and binding (in hemoglobin and myoglobin). Many enzymes require specific metal atoms to complete their catalytic functions. Animal tissues need moderate quantities of some elements (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, S, and Cl) and trace amounts of others (Mn, Fe, I, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Se). The minerals are absorbed by either passive or active transport systems through the intestinal mucosa, often using specialized transport proteins, such as ferritin for Fe3+ and vitamin D-induced protein for calcium.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
llv04978  Mineral absorption
llv04978

Organism
Lutra lutra (Eurasian river otter) [GN:llv]
Gene
125083262  sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2C-like isoform X1 [KO:K14683]
125100832  sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2A isoform X1 [KO:K14683]
125093602  sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B-like [KO:K14683]
125107149  vitamin D3 receptor [KO:K08539]
125083477  transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6-like isoform X1 [KO:K04981] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125103869  transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 [KO:K04982] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125081072  transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04975]
125109196  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like [KO:K05849]
125105265  sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
125089891  sodium/calcium exchanger 2 [KO:K05849]
125092065  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
125108617  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
125085473  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
125106548  plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
125092076  protein S100-G [KO:K14734]
125081317  chloride anion exchanger [KO:K14078]
125080627  solute carrier family 26 member 6-like isoform X1 [KO:K14704]
125086286  solute carrier family 26 member 9 isoform X1 [KO:K14706]
125101452  chloride channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05011]
125100209  sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12040]
125082451  sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 [KO:K14158]
125100623  sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334]
125085919  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
125086256  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
125097511  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
125089713  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
125092004  protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
125085446  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
125087038  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
125098204  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3-like [KO:K01540]
125087560  proton-coupled folate transporter [KO:K14613]
125107544  heme oxygenase 1-like [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
125090962  heme oxygenase 2 [KO:K21418] [EC:1.14.14.18]
125095718  plasma membrane ascorbate-dependent reductase CYBRD1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08370] [EC:7.2.1.3]
125107258  natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
125100064  ferritin heavy chain [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125091795  ferritin heavy chain-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125091807  ferritin heavy chain-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125091812  ferritin heavy chain-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125091901  ferritin heavy chain-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125091919  ferritin heavy chain-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125092225  ferritin heavy chain-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125094129  ferritin heavy chain-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125079262  ferritin heavy chain [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125103981  ferritin heavy chain-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125091784  ferritin heavy chain-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125092050  ferritin light chain-like [KO:K13625]
125096112  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ferritin light chain-like [KO:K13625]
125089842  ferritin light chain-like [KO:K13625]
125095119  solute carrier family 40 protein member 1 [KO:K14685]
125080142  ferroxidase HEPHL1 [KO:K14735] [EC:1.16.3.1]
125104214  inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase-like [KO:K14736]
125104222  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serotransferrin-like [KO:K14736]
125097883  zinc transporter ZIP4-like [KO:K14710]
125086053  zinc transporter 1 [KO:K14688]
125083005  high affinity copper uptake protein 1 [KO:K14686]
125081451  metalloreductase STEAP1 [KO:K14737] [EC:1.16.1.-]
125080839  metalloreductase STEAP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14738] [EC:1.16.1.-]
125096207  metallothionein-1E-like [KO:K14739]
125089722  metallothionein-1E-like [KO:K14739]
125089724  metallothionein-1 [KO:K14739]
125089725  metallothionein-1-like [KO:K14739]
125100509  copper transport protein ATOX1 isoform X1 [KO:K07213]
125081292  copper transport protein ATOX1-like [KO:K07213]
125091751  copper-transporting ATPase 1 [KO:K17686] [EC:7.2.2.8]
125096377  copper-transporting ATPase 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K17686] [EC:7.2.2.8]
Compound
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00031  D-Glucose
C00032  Heme
C00037  Glycine
C00038  Zinc cation
C00041  L-Alanine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00070  Copper
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00123  L-Leucine
C00124  D-Galactose
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00305  Magnesium cation
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00698  Cl-
C01330  Sodium cation
C01673  Calcitriol
C14818  Fe2+
C14819  Fe3+
Reference
PMID:18277073
  Authors
Perez AV, Picotto G, Carpentieri AR, Rivoira MA, Peralta Lopez ME, Tolosa de Talamoni NG
  Title
Minireview on regulation of intestinal calcium absorption. Emphasis on molecular mechanisms of transcellular pathway.
  Journal
Digestion 77:22-34 (2008)
DOI:10.1159/000116623
Reference
PMID:18598134
  Authors
Khanal RC, Nemere I
  Title
Regulation of intestinal calcium transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Nutr 28:179-96 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.nutr.010308.161202
Reference
PMID:15618484
  Authors
Hoenderop JG, Nilius B, Bindels RJ
  Title
Calcium absorption across epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 85:373-422 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00003.2004
Reference
PMID:12520535
  Authors
Bouillon R, Van Cromphaut S, Carmeliet G
  Title
Intestinal calcium absorption: Molecular vitamin D mediated mechanisms.
  Journal
J Cell Biochem 88:332-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1002/jcb.10360
Reference
PMID:17943492
  Authors
Chua AC, Graham RM, Trinder D, Olynyk JK
  Title
The regulation of cellular iron metabolism.
  Journal
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 44:413-59 (2007)
DOI:10.1080/10408360701428257
Reference
PMID:18636652
  Authors
West AR, Oates PS
  Title
Mechanisms of heme iron absorption: current questions and controversies.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 14:4101-10 (2008)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.14.4101
Reference
PMID:17194590
  Authors
Dunn LL, Rahmanto YS, Richardson DR
  Title
Iron uptake and metabolism in the new millennium.
  Journal
Trends Cell Biol 17:93-100 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.tcb.2006.12.003
Reference
PMID:16565477
  Authors
Donovan A, Roy CN, Andrews NC
  Title
The ins and outs of iron homeostasis.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 21:115-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00052.2005
Reference
PMID:18779306
  Authors
Lonnerdal B
  Title
Intestinal regulation of copper homeostasis: a developmental perspective.
  Journal
Am J Clin Nutr 88:846S-50S (2008)
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/88.3.846S
Reference
PMID:18779302
  Authors
Prohaska JR
  Title
Role of copper transporters in copper homeostasis.
  Journal
Am J Clin Nutr 88:826S-9S (2008)
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/88.3.826S
Reference
PMID:20120011
  Authors
Wang X, Zhou B
  Title
Dietary zinc absorption: A play of Zips and ZnTs in the gut.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 62:176-82 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/iub.291
Reference
PMID:19400752
  Authors
Lichten LA, Cousins RJ
  Title
Mammalian zinc transporters: nutritional and physiologic regulation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Nutr 29:153-76 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-033009-083312
Reference
PMID:18301276
  Authors
Quamme GA
  Title
Recent developments in intestinal magnesium absorption.
  Journal
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 24:230-5 (2008)
DOI:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f37b59
Reference
PMID:19448074
  Authors
Donowitz M, Mohan S, Zhu CX, Chen TE, Lin R, Cha B, Zachos NC, Murtazina R, Sarker R, Li X
  Title
NHE3 regulatory complexes.
  Journal
J Exp Biol 212:1638-46 (2009)
DOI:10.1242/jeb.028605
Reference
PMID:21054167
  Authors
Kato A, Romero MF
  Title
Regulation of Electroneutral NaCl Absorption by the Small Intestine.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 73:261-81 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142244
Reference
PMID:19729436
  Authors
Sabbagh Y, O'Brien SP, Song W, Boulanger JH, Stockmann A, Arbeeny C, Schiavi SC
  Title
Intestinal npt2b plays a major role in phosphate absorption and homeostasis.
  Journal
J Am Soc Nephrol 20:2348-58 (2009)
DOI:10.1681/ASN.2009050559
Reference
PMID:16431934
  Authors
Marks J, Srai SK, Biber J, Murer H, Unwin RJ, Debnam ES
  Title
Intestinal phosphate absorption and the effect of vitamin D: a comparison of rats with mice.
  Journal
Exp Physiol 91:531-7 (2006)
DOI:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.032516
Related
pathway
llv00860  Porphyrin metabolism
llv04530  Tight junction
llv04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
llv04974  Protein digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04978   
LinkDB

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