KEGG PATHWAY: rn00270

PATHWAY: rn00270

Entry

rn00270                     Pathway

Name

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

Description

Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].

Class

Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism

Pathway map

rn00270

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

Module

M00017

Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:rn00270]

M00021

Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:rn00270]

M00034

Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:rn00270]

M00035

Methionine degradation [PATH:rn00270]

M00338

Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:rn00270]

M00368

Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:rn00270]

M00609

Cysteine biosynthesis, methionine => cysteine [PATH:rn00270]

Other DBs

GO:	0006534 0006555

Reaction

R00075

S-adenosyl-L-methionine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine 3-amino-3-carboxypropyltransferase

R00177

ATP:L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase

R00178

S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase [S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine-forming]

R00179

S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-forming)

R00192

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase

R00193

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine aminohydrolase

R00194

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine homocysteinylribohydrolase

R00367

S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase

R00480

ATP:L-aspartate 4-phosphotransferase

R00586

acetyl-CoA:L-serine O-acetyltransferase

R00590

L-serine hydro-lyase

R00648

L-methionine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)

R00651

O-acetyl-L-homoserine:methanethiol 3-amino-3-carboxypropyltransferase; O-acetyl-L-homoserine acetate-lyase (adding methanethiol)

R00653

N-formyl-L-methionine amidohydrolase

R00654

L-methionine methanethiol-lyase (deaminating;2-oxobutanoate-forming)

R00657

R00782

L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)

R00863

3-sulfino-L-alanine 4-carboxy-lyase

R00892

L-cysteine:NAD+ oxidoreductase; NADH:L-cystine oxidoreductase

R00893

L-cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

R00895

L-cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

R00896

L-cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

R00897

O3-acetyl-L-serine:hydrogen-sulfide 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase; O3-acetyl-L-serine acetate-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide)

R00900

L-cysteine,glutathione:NADP+ oxidoreductase (disulfide-forming); NADPH:CoA-glutathione oxidoreductase

R00901

L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (adding sulfite; L-cysteate-forming)

R00903

cysteine racemase

R00946

5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase

R00997

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate aminohydrolase (isomerizing); 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate endolyase (deaminating)

R00999

O-succinyl-L-homoserine succinate-lyase (deaminating; 2-oxobutanoate-forming)

R01001

L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating; 2-oxobutanoate-forming)

R01113

glutathione:L-cystine oxidoreductase

R01286

L-cystathionine L-homocysteine-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)

R01287

O-acetyl-L-homoserine:hydrogen sulfide S-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)transferase; O-acetyl-L-homoserine acetate-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide)

R01288

O4-succinyl-L-homoserine:hydrogen sulfide S-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)transferase; O-succinyl-L-homoserine succinate-lyase (adding hydrogen sulfide)

R01290

L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming)

R01291

S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine homocysteine-lyase [(4S)-4,5-dihydroxypentan-2,3-dione-forming]

R01292

glutathione:homocystine oxidoreductase

R01401

methylthioadenosine methylthioribohydrolase

R01402

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine:phosphate S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase

R01513

3-phospho-D-glycerate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase

R01771

ATP:L-homoserine O-phosphotransferase

R01773

L-homoserine:NAD+ oxidoreductase

R01775

L-homoserine:NADP+ oxidoreductase

R01776

acetyl-CoA:L-homoserine O-acetyltransferase

R01777

succinyl-CoA:L-homoserine O-succinyltransferase

R01874

D-cysteine sulfide-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)

R01920

S-adenosylmethioninamine:putrescine 3-aminopropyltransferase

R02025

L-methionine:oxidized-thioredoxin S-oxidoreductase

R02026

O-acetyl-L-homoserine acetate-lyase (L-homocysteine forming)

R02291

L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)

R02408

L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming)

R02409

coenzyme A:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase

R02433

L-cysteate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

R02618

R02619

3-sulfino-L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

R02821

trimethylaminoacetate:L-homosysteine S-methyltransferase

R02869

S-adenosylmethioninamine:spermidine 3-aminopropyltransferase

R03104

3-mercaptolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

R03105

3-mercaptopyruvate:sulfide sulfurtransferase

R03132

O-acetyl-L-serine:thiosulfate 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase

R03217

O-acetyl-L-homoserine succinate-lyase (adding cysteine)

R03260

O-succinyl-L-homoserine succinate-lyase (adding cysteine)

R04143

ATP:S5-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphotransferase

R04173

3-phosphoserine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

R04405

5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase

R04420

5-methylthio-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate ketol-isomerase

R04858

S-adenosyl-L-methionine:DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase

R04860

R04861

R05693

(R)-2-hydroxyacid:NAD+ oxidoreductase

R07136

(2R)-3-sulfolactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

R07137

(2R)-3-sulfolactate:NADP+ oxidoreductase

R07214

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxygenase (ethylene-forming)

R07274

O-phospho-L-serine:hydrogen-sulfide 2-amino-2-carboxyethyltransferase

R07363

1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one:oxygen oxidoreductase (formate- and CO-forming)

R07364

1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one:oxygen oxidoreductase (formate-forming)

R07392

S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose-1-phosphate hydro-lyase

R07393

2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate keto---enol-isomerase

R07394

2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate phosphohydrolase

R07395

5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl-phosphate phosphohydrolase (isomerizing)

R07396

R07633

3-sulfolactate bisulfite-lyase

R07634

L-cysteate bisulfite-lyase (deaminating)

R08699

3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate:2-aminoacrylate C-sulfotransferase

R08940

acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]:S-adenosyl-L-methionine acyltranserase (lactone-forming, methylthioadenosine-releasing)

R09660

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine amidohydrolase

R09668

S-methyl-5'-thioinosine:phosphate S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase

R10305

O3-acetyl-L-serine:L-homocysteine S-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)transferase

R10404

R10409

R10991

2-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

R10992

L-alanine:2-oxobutanoate aminotransferase

R10993

L-glutamate:2-aminobutanoate gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

R10994

gamma-L-glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)

R11063

S-methyl-L-methionine:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase

R12055

L-methionine:indole-3-pyruvic acid aminotransferase

R12092

thiosulfate:3-phospho-L-serine thiosulfotransferase

R12342

ADP:L-serine 3-phosphotransferase

R12505

hydrogen sulfide:L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde sulfurtransferase

R12507

L-glutamine:4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate aminotransferase

R12588

S-inosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (inosine-forming)

R12718

S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate 1,3-isomerase

R12751

R12946

S-methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate:glutathione methylthiotransferase

R13363

O-phospho-L-homoserine:L-cysteine S-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)transferase

Compound

C00019

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine

C00021

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine

C00022

Pyruvate

C00041

L-Alanine

C00049

L-Aspartate

C00051

Glutathione

C00059

Sulfate

C00065

L-Serine

C00073

L-Methionine

C00094

Sulfite

C00097

L-Cysteine

C00109

2-Oxobutanoate

C00155

L-Homocysteine

C00170

5'-Methylthioadenosine

C00197

3-Phospho-D-glycerate

C00263

L-Homoserine

C00283

Hydrogen sulfide

C00409

Methanethiol

C00441

L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde

C00491

L-Cystine

C00506

L-Cysteate

C00606

3-Sulfino-L-alanine

C00793

D-Cysteine

C00957

Mercaptopyruvate

C00979

O-Acetyl-L-serine

C01005

O-Phospho-L-serine

C01077

O-Acetyl-L-homoserine

C01102

O-Phospho-L-homoserine

C01118

O-Succinyl-L-homoserine

C01137

S-Adenosylmethioninamine

C01180

4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

C01234

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

C01817

L-Homocystine

C01962

Thiocysteine

C02218

Dehydroalanine

C02291

L-Cystathionine

C02356

(S)-2-Aminobutanoate

C02989

L-Methionine S-oxide

C03082

4-Phospho-L-aspartate

C03089

5-Methylthio-D-ribose

C03145

N-Formylmethionine

C03232

3-Phosphonooxypyruvate

C03431

S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine

C03539

S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine

C04188

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate

C04582

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate

C05324

Nicotianamine

C05524

Aminoacyl-L-methionine

C05526

S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine

C05527

3-Sulfinylpyruvate

C05528

3-Sulfopyruvate

C05823

3-Mercaptolactate

C05824

S-Sulfo-L-cysteine

C06547

Ethylene

C08276

3-(Methylthio)propanoate

C09306

Sulfur dioxide

C11437

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

C11481

HSO3-

C11499

(S)-3-Sulfolactate

C11537

(2R)-3-Sulfolactate

C15606

1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one

C15650

2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate

C15651

2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate

C18049

N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone

C19787

5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine

C21015

gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate

C21016

Ophthalmate

C22359

S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

Reference

PMID:15102328

Authors

Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A

Title

Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9

Reference

PMID:14551435

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.

Title

A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.

Journal

Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997

Reference

PMID:12022921

Authors

Sekowska A, Danchin A.

Title

The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8

Reference

PMID:12670965

Authors

Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.

Title

Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003

Reference

PMID:17169919

Authors

Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD

Title

Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.

Journal

Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055

Reference

PMID:17030798

Authors

Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S

Title

Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103

Reference

PMID:18625006

Authors

Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E

Title

A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x

Reference

PMID:18391471

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A

Title

Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651

Reference

PMID:10613873

Authors

Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D

Title

Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?

Journal

J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000

Reference

PMID:12644499

Authors

Mino K, Ishikawa K

Title

Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003

Reference

PMID:18520135

Authors

Tanabe S

Title

Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.

Journal

Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881

Reference

Authors

Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).

Title

[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Journal

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)

Reference

PMID:19270684

Authors