KEGG   PATHWAY: ko00270
Entry
ko00270                     Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
ko00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
ko00270

Module
M00017  Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:ko00270]
M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:ko00270]
M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ko00270]
M00035  Methionine degradation [PATH:ko00270]
M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ko00270]
M00368  Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:ko00270]
M00609  Cysteine biosynthesis, methionine => cysteine [PATH:ko00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Orthology
K00640  serine O-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.30]
K23304  serine O-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.30]
K01738  cysteine synthase [EC:2.5.1.47]
K13034  L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/ cysteine synthase [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
K10150  cysteine synthase / O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylase / cystathionine beta-synthase [EC:2.5.1.47 2.5.1.65 4.2.1.22]
K17069  O-acetylhomoserine/O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase [EC:2.5.1.49 2.5.1.47]
K01758  cystathionine gamma-lyase [EC:4.4.1.1]
K17217  cystathionine gamma-lyase / homocysteine desulfhydrase [EC:4.4.1.1 4.4.1.2]
K00816  kynurenine---oxoglutarate transaminase / cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase / glutamine---phenylpyruvate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]
K01760  cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase [EC:4.4.1.13]
K14155  cysteine-S-conjugate beta-lyase [EC:4.4.1.13]
K21623  L-cystine beta-lyase [EC:4.4.1.35]
K01697  cystathionine beta-synthase [EC:4.2.1.22]
K17216  cystathionine beta-synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine) [EC:2.5.1.134]
K00544  betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.5]
K00547  homocysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.10]
K00548  5-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.13]
K24042  methionine synthase / methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADH) [EC:2.1.1.13 1.5.1.54]
K00549  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate--homocysteine methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.14]
K00789  S-adenosylmethionine synthetase [EC:2.5.1.6]
K01611  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.50]
K00797  spermidine synthase [EC:2.5.1.16]
K24034  spermidine synthase / saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming) [EC:2.5.1.16 1.5.1.10]
K00802  spermine synthase [EC:2.5.1.22]
K13060  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K13061  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K13062  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K20248  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K20249  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K20250  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K22954  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K22955  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K22956  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K22957  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K22968  acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184]
K05953  nicotianamine synthase [EC:2.5.1.43]
K01243  adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase [EC:3.2.2.9]
K18284  adenosylhomocysteine/aminodeoxyfutalosine nucleosidase [EC:3.2.2.9 3.2.2.30]
K01244  5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase [EC:3.2.2.16]
K00899  5-methylthioribose kinase [EC:2.7.1.100]
K00772  5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase [EC:2.4.2.28]
K05810  purine-nucleoside/S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase / adenosine deaminase [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]
K12960  5-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine deaminase [EC:3.5.4.31 3.5.4.28]
K19696  5'-methylthioinosine phosphorylase [EC:2.4.2.44]
K08963  methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.23]
K08964  methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase [EC:4.2.1.109]
K16054  methylthioribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase / enolase-phosphatase E1 [EC:4.2.1.109 3.1.3.77]
K08965  2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate enolase [EC:5.3.2.5]
K08966  2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.87]
K09880  enolase-phosphatase E1 [EC:3.1.3.77]
K08967  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
K00832  aromatic-amino-acid transaminase [EC:2.6.1.57]
K00838  aromatic amino acid aminotransferase I / 2-aminoadipate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.57 2.6.1.39 2.6.1.27 2.6.1.5]
K08969  L-glutamine---4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.117]
K23977  L-glutamine---4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.117]
K00815  tyrosine aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.5]
K03334  L-amino-acid oxidase [EC:1.4.3.2]
K00837  aromatic aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.-]
K25035  S-methyl-5-thioribulose 1-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.3.23]
K01767  S-methyl-1-thioxylulose 5-phosphate methylthiotransferase [EC:2.8.4.6]
K01761  methionine-gamma-lyase [EC:4.4.1.11]
K08968  L-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase [EC:1.8.4.14]
K00552  glycine N-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.20]
K00558  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 [EC:2.1.1.37]
K17398  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A [EC:2.1.1.37]
K17399  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B [EC:2.1.1.37]
K17462  putative AdoMet-dependent methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.-]
K01251  adenosylhomocysteinase [EC:3.13.2.1]
K01566  S-inosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase [EC:3.13.1.9]
K07173  S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase [EC:4.4.1.21]
K20772  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 1/2/6 [EC:4.4.1.14]
K01762  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase [EC:4.4.1.14]
K05933  aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase [EC:1.14.17.4]
K01505  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase [EC:3.5.99.7]
K00928  aspartate kinase [EC:2.7.2.4]
K12524  bifunctional aspartokinase / homoserine dehydrogenase 1 [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
K12525  bifunctional aspartokinase / homoserine dehydrogenase 2 [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
K12526  bifunctional diaminopimelate decarboxylase / aspartate kinase [EC:4.1.1.20 2.7.2.4]
K00133  aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.11]
K00003  homoserine dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.3]
K00872  homoserine kinase [EC:2.7.1.39]
K27857  plant cystathionine gamma-synthase [EC:2.5.1.160]
K23975  L-aspartate semialdehyde sulfurtransferase [EC:2.8.1.16]
K23976  L-aspartate semialdehyde sulfurtransferase ferredoxin
K00651  homoserine O-succinyltransferase/O-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.46 2.3.1.31]
K00641  homoserine O-acetyltransferase/O-succinyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.31 2.3.1.46]
K01739  cystathionine gamma-synthase [EC:2.5.1.48]
K01740  O-acetylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase [EC:2.5.1.49]
K10764  O-succinylhomoserine sulfhydrylase [EC:2.5.1.-]
K00826  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.42]
K00827  alanine-glyoxylate transaminase / (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate-pyruvate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
K11204  glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [EC:6.3.2.2]
K11205  glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit
K01919  glutamate--cysteine ligase [EC:6.3.2.2]
K01920  glutathione synthase [EC:6.3.2.3]
K21456  glutathione synthase [EC:6.3.2.3]
K00456  cysteine dioxygenase [EC:1.13.11.20]
K14454  aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [EC:2.6.1.1]
K14455  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [EC:2.6.1.1]
K00811  aspartate aminotransferase, chloroplastic [EC:2.6.1.1]
K00812  aspartate aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.1]
K00813  aspartate aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.1]
K11358  aspartate aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.1]
K01011  thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
K00016  L-lactate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.27]
K09758  aspartate 4-decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.12]
K25316  amino-acid racemase [EC:5.1.1.10]
K25317  amino-acid racemase [EC:5.1.1.10]
K05396  D-cysteine desulfhydrase [EC:4.4.1.15]
K22207  L-cysteine desulfhydrase [EC:4.4.1.28]
K20021  L-cysteine desulfidase [EC:4.4.1.28]
K16843  (S)-sulfolactate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.310]
K00024  malate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.37]
K00025  malate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.37]
K00026  malate dehydrogenase [EC:1.1.1.37]
K16844  (2R)-3-sulfolactate dehydrogenase (NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.338]
K16845  (2R)-sulfolactate sulfo-lyase subunit alpha [EC:4.4.1.24]
K16846  (2R)-sulfolactate sulfo-lyase subunit beta [EC:4.4.1.24]
K17950  L-cysteate sulfo-lyase [EC:4.4.1.25]
K01752  L-serine dehydratase [EC:4.3.1.17]
K17989  L-serine/L-threonine ammonia-lyase [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
K12339  S-sulfo-L-cysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine-dependent) [EC:2.5.1.144]
K22846  S-sulfo-L-cysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine-dependent) [EC:2.5.1.144]
K00058  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase / 2-oxoglutarate reductase [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
K00831  phosphoserine aminotransferase [EC:2.6.1.52]
K23370  L-serine kinase (ADP) [EC:2.7.1.226]
K22847  S-sulfo-L-cysteine synthase (3-phospho-L-serine-dependent) [EC:2.8.5.1]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
PMID:15102328
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
PMID:14551435
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
PMID:12022921
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
PMID:12670965
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
PMID:17169919
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
PMID:17030798
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
PMID:18625006
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
PMID:18391471
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
PMID:10613873
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
PMID:12644499
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
PMID:18520135
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:19270684
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
ko00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
ko00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
ko00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
ko00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
ko00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
ko00480  Glutathione metabolism
ko00620  Pyruvate metabolism
ko00640  Propanoate metabolism
ko00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
ko00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
ko00920  Sulfur metabolism
LinkDB

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