Entry
Name
Alzheimer disease - Canis lupus dingo (dingo)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Canis lupus dingo (dingo) [GN:
clud ]
Gene
112646460 NAE1; NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04532 ]
112667548 APBB1; amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04529 ]
112669177 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944 ]
112649282 NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
112663986 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945 ]
112655613 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945 ]
112669712 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945 ]
112658832 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
112653127 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2-like [KO:K03946 ]
112651067 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947 ]
125752483 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947 ]
112671733 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947 ]
112677988 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03948 ]
112649746 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K03949 ]
112675011 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949 ]
118354020 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949 ]
112657429 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949 ]
112666700 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
112666407 NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
112677158 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03952 ]
112669059 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953 ]
112670006 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954 ]
112666355 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 isoform X4 [KO:K03956 ]
112654563 NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352 ]
112666789 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K11353 ]
118351720 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957 ]
112646040 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
118355324 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957 ]
118355555 NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
112650992 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03958 ]
112649336 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03958 ]
112656283 NDUFB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
112677535 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K03960 ]
112662850 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961 ]
112644265 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03961 ]
112650486 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962 ]
112678755 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6-like [KO:K03962 ]
112666636 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
112672201 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964 ]
112662129 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965 ]
112640558 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
112648012 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10-like [KO:K03966 ]
112673263 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
112656793 NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112643024 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112663336 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112651294 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937 ]
112646084 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03937 ]
112642341 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03938 ]
112662703 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939 ]
112666186 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112659312 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112669293 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
112662906 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
112660061 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
112675119 succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
112643036 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236 ]
112671340 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237 ]
112665750 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414 ]
112640264 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00415 ]
112669654 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00415 ]
112642556 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
112646773 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263 ]
112673765 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
112670808 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02265 ]
112676672 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02266 ]
112667822 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02266 ]
112643625 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270 ]
112658567 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270 ]
112664458 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
112661675 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02132 ]
112655310 ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
112667173 ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128 ]
112668135 ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
112662982 ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128 ]
118355186 ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128 ]
112648876 ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128 ]
112655416 ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128 ]
118350644 ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128 ]
112661712 ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02137 ]
112661929 ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02131 ]
118350204 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
112671433 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1-like [KO:K05862 ]
112651940 VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15040 ]
112656506 VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15041 ]
112654613 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041 ]
112673224 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041 ]
112677991 LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04550 ]
112656223 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X2 [KO:K04390 ]
112669080 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X2 [KO:K03158 ]
112667429 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726 ]
112669758 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
112651490 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
112654697 APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084 ]
112659439 CHRM1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 isoform X1 [KO:K04129 ]
112660873 CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 isoform X1 [KO:K04131 ]
112644686 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04634 ]
112659377 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
112673608 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
112673609 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
112676127 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X5 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
112677485 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
112665422 GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B isoform X1 [KO:K05210 ]
112672773 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
112645204 GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D isoform X1 [KO:K05212 ]
112668971 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X3 [KO:K04850 ]
112665919 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
112673110 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
112667091 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
112653340 CHRNA7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 isoform X4 [KO:K04809 ]
112652024 MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X4 [KO:K20858 ]
112662581 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
112665544 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
112641421 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X3 [KO:K04960 ]
112643044 ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K09054 ]
112652886 ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
112658058 EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237 ]
112667576 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
112657073 PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064 ]
112663330 PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A isoform X1 [KO:K03065 ]
112662784 PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028 ]
112669877 PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032 ]
112655117 PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033 ]
112676500 PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693 ]
112652946 PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K03035 ]
112655095 PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036 ]
112666018 PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037 ]
112646563 PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038 ]
112663553 PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039 ]
112663973 PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029 ]
112674684 PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030 ]
112645523 PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031 ]
112674229 ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691 ]
112678331 SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398 ]
112659229 LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068 ]
112665398 LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068 ]
112647012 DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
112647486 DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
112662657 DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X2 [KO:K02353 ]
112672133 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2-like [KO:K03096 ]
112666189 APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K02085 ]
112641348 AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor [KO:K19722 ]
112644595 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X3 [KO:K02580 ]
112640696 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453 ]
112664523 EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K16195 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
112666735 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
112660199 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
112642563 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
112646871 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X5 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
112661215 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
112662621 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
112678441 RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589 ]
112663298 AMBRA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985 ]
112657096 ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889 ]
112657714 ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
112659323 ATG2A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906 ]
112646361 WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17908 ]
112653018 WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C16514 Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515 Amyloid beta protein 42
C21011 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012 [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
Reference
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APP-BP1 mediates APP-induced apoptosis and DNA synthesis and is increased in Alzheimer's disease brain.
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Related pathway
clud04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
clud04933 AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs