Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle) [GN:
cmy ]
Gene
102935551 EHD2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: EH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12469 ]
102940003 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X2 [KO:K04679 ]
102940642 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X3 [KO:K04500 ]
102935495 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12470 ]
102930903 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562 ]
102931725 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X8 [KO:K12472 ]
102941498 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
102933449 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
102939051 low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
102933050 WASL; neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein isoform X1 [KO:K23612 ]
102947890 ACTR3B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: actin-related protein 3B [KO:K18584 ]
102934111 ARPC2; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05758 ]
102931984 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
102945280 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X1 [KO:K09526 ]
102930120 CAPZA1; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K10364 ]
102937526 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K10365 ]
102936945 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
102934501 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
102939707 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A isoform X1 [KO:K18466 ]
102942902 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 isoform X2 [KO:K18468 ]
102936133 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
102942512 STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
102943489 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
102939245 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184 ]
102938355 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
102937009 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C isoform X4 [KO:K12185 ]
102930777 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B [KO:K12185 ]
102929697 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
102937212 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 isoform X1 [KO:K12190 ]
102944270 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 isoform X2 [KO:K12189 ]
102941478 CHMP4B; charged multivesicular body protein 4b isoform X1 [KO:K12194 ]
102933951 CHMP2B; charged multivesicular body protein 2b isoform X2 [KO:K12192 ]
102945355 CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X3 [KO:K15053 ]
102947817 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
102934928 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X4 [KO:K12196 ]
102936189 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12199 ]
102930263 programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K12200 ]
102937133 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor isoform X1 [KO:K06564 ]
102937403 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05068 ]
102933244 IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma isoform X3 [KO:K05070 ]
102930774 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102937624 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102936111 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102929674 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102930327 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q9 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102940274 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102941992 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102945483 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
119566026 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
119566027 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102935439 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
102935424 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12482 ]
102931891 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
102944399 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X1 [KO:K12479 ]
102930982 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
102944535 RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
114018485 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K12484 ]
102938164 RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
102934380 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K12485 ]
102937533 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
102931327 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
102930899 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
102943279 SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
102933852 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
102931959 arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
102931030 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12488 ]
102936595 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
102937841 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K12489 ]
102933458 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
102930011 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
102939724 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18440 ]
102941861 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
102940633 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
102929673 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X7 [KO:K12491 ]
102947698 AGAP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K17848 ]
102937343 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12492 ]
102945375 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K12493 ]
102942215 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
102932475 PSD4; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
102943248 PSD; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12494 ]
102937332 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
102937229 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
102931899 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X9 [KO:K12495 ]
114018212 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12495 ]
102938299 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
102947666 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
102943684 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
cmy04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
cmy04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
cmy04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway
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