Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Equus caballus (horse)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Equus caballus (horse) [GN:
ecb ]
Gene
100062152 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
100065363 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 [KO:K04679 ]
100033843 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
100033845 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
100058644 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12470 ]
100052213 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12562 ]
100062532 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
100069848 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
100071282 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
100059292 ARPC1B; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B isoform X1 [KO:K05757 ]
100058358 actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 isoform X14 [KO:K05755 ]
100067289 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
106783281 WIPF2; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 2 isoform X2 [KO:K19475 ]
111769297 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like [KO:K03283 ]
100069605 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X4 [KO:K09526 ]
100071897 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K10365 ]
100058295 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X2 [KO:K18467 ]
100072671 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466 ]
100072880 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B isoform X1 [KO:K18466 ]
102149786 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A isoform X1 [KO:K18466 ]
100056512 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
100055613 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
100068325 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
100063246 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog [KO:K12184 ]
100061734 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
100058900 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B isoform X2 [KO:K12185 ]
100059152 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
100050168 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A [KO:K12185 ]
100147348 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 [KO:K12190 ]
100147466 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
100051233 CHMP4A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 4a [KO:K12194 ]
100057184 CHMP4C; charged multivesicular body protein 4c isoform X1 [KO:K24782 ]
100066925 CHMP3; charged multivesicular body protein 3 isoform X3 [KO:K12193 ]
100064860 CHMP2A; charged multivesicular body protein 2a isoform X1 [KO:K12191 ]
100070130 CHMP2B; charged multivesicular body protein 2b isoform X1 [KO:K12192 ]
100053928 CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X2 [KO:K15053 ]
100051010 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
100067034 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
100060736 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
100050741 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X2 [KO:K12200 ]
100058539 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor isoform X2 [KO:K06564 ]
100070292 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha precursor [KO:K05068 ]
100069676 IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K05069 ]
100054114 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100051657 7-51 putative nonclassical MHC class I antigen precursor [KO:K06751 ]
100057920 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, Cw-12 alpha chain isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
100056182 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-40 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100049798 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-OKO alpha chain isoform X12 [KO:K06751 ]
100050473 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0103 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100050706 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100053918 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-46 alpha chain isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
100054397 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
100054448 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G isoform X3 [KO:K06751 ]
100056309 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-15 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100056099 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100056231 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100059994 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-15 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100060096 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q9 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100072805 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
100067514 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
100063098 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
100054447 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X1 [KO:K12479 ]
100059616 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12484 ]
100059236 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
100058609 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
100053411 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
100070988 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
100071599 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12488 ]
100072516 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
100068654 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
100072970 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
100069317 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X7 [KO:K12489 ]
100147589 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
100052506 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
100065339 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18440 ]
100072169 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
100065931 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
100064153 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
100050853 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X4 [KO:K17848 ]
111770054 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492 ]
100051105 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K12493 ]
100071070 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
100051830 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X12 [KO:K12494 ]
100069969 PSD; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
100072453 PSD2; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
100055011 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X8 [KO:K12495 ]
100057096 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
106781352 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
100063272 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442 ]
100071351 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 [KO:K18442 ]
100060013 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K18443 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
ecb04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
ecb04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
ecb04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway
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