Entry
Name
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway - Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter)
Description
The phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, translation, proliferation, growth, and survival. The binding of growth factors to their receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) stimulates class Ia and Ib PI3K isoforms, respectively. PI3K catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) at the cell membrane. PIP3 in turn serves as a second messenger that helps to activate Akt. Once active, Akt can control key cellular processes by phosphorylating substrates involved in apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism, and cell cycle.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter) [GN:
elk ]
Gene
111150176 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: brain-derived neurotrophic factor [KO:K04355 ]
111141293 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X1 [KO:K05452 ]
111145636 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
111144693 phosphoinositide 3-kinase adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12230 ]
111155003 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
111154641 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
111143470 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
111155224 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
111143790 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
111154601 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
111145586 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04537 ]
111159773 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
111159618 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07826 ]
111149566 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
111160502 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
111143000 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
111161718 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
111160835 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
111145828 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
111147333 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
111142967 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
111156207 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
111147281 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
111151818 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
111144538 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
111146502 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 1B-like [KO:K03259 ]
111146503 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 1B-like [KO:K03259 ]
111157179 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform X1 [KO:K03259 ]
111150366 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03259 ]
111157728 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B isoform X1 [KO:K03258 ]
111144009 membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05631 ]
111155266 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K05629 ]
111153735 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456 ]
111160772 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456 ]
111144887 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform [KO:K04354 ]
111156936 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
111154409 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
111159912 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
111155025 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
111157091 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta [KO:K11583 ]
111150668 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform [KO:K11584 ]
111149986 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
111160383 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
111147753 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
111148624 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
111138927 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 [KO:K16333 ]
111150819 tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389 ]
111147575 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
111142901 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
111151973 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
111150050 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
111138943 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
111161856 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
111152366 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
111161960 induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K02539 ]
111161961 induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K02539 ]
Compound
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Engelman JA, Luo J, Cantley LC
Title
The evolution of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases as regulators of growth and metabolism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Song G, Ouyang G, Bao S
Title
The activation of Akt/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hers I, Vincent EE, Tavare JM
Title
Akt signalling in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Duronio V
Title
The life of a cell: apoptosis regulation by the PI3K/PKB pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim D, Chung J.
Title
Akt: versatile mediator of cell survival and beyond.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Koyasu S
Title
The role of PI3K in immune cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Okkenhaug K, Vanhaesebroeck B.
Title
PI3K in lymphocyte development, differentiation and activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Richardson CJ, Schalm SS, Blenis J
Title
PI3-kinase and TOR: PIKTORing cell growth.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang X, Tang N, Hadden TJ, Rishi AK
Title
Akt, FoxO and regulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Georgescu MM
Title
PTEN Tumor Suppressor Network in PI3K-Akt Pathway Control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
West KA, Castillo SS, Dennis PA
Title
Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and chemotherapeutic resistance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wymann MP, Pirola L
Title
Structure and function of phosphoinositide 3-kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moelling K, Schad K, Bosse M, Zimmermann S, Schweneker M
Title
Regulation of Raf-Akt Cross-talk.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kikani CK, Dong LQ, Liu F
Title
"New"-clear functions of PDK1: beyond a master kinase in the cytosol?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Blume-Jensen P, Hunter T
Title
Oncogenic kinase signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Osaki M, Oshimura M, Ito H
Title
PI3K-Akt pathway: its functions and alterations in human cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noguchi M, Ropars V, Roumestand C, Suizu F
Title
Proto-oncogene TCL1: more than just a coactivator for Akt.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Related pathway
elk04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
elk04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs