KEGG   PATHWAY: fca05034
Entry
fca05034                    Pathway                                
Name
Alcoholism - Felis catus (domestic cat)
Description
Alcoholism, also called dependence on alcohol (ethanol), is a chronic relapsing disorder that is progressive and has serious detrimental health outcomes. As one of the primary mediators of the rewarding effects of alcohol, dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been identified. Acute exposure to alcohol stimulates dopamine release into the NAc, which activates D1 receptors, stimulating PKA signaling and subsequent CREB-mediated gene expression, whereas chronic alcohol exposure leads to an adaptive downregulation of this pathway, in particular of CREB function. The decreased CREB function in the NAc may promote the intake of drugs of abuse to achieve an increase in reward and thus may be involved in the regulation of positive affective states of addiction. PKA signaling also affects NMDA receptor activity and may play an important role in neuroadaptation in response to chronic alcohol exposure.
Class
Human Diseases; Substance dependence
Pathway map
fca05034  Alcoholism
fca05034

Other DBs
GO: 0045471
Organism
Felis catus (domestic cat) [GN:fca]
Gene
101090720  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
101082989  DDC; aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase isoform X1 [KO:K01593] [EC:4.1.1.28 4.1.1.105]
101094843  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
101086507  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
101091848  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
101092086  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
101101618  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
101082021  GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
101086110  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
101094356  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
101091740  GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211]
101095061  GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D isoform X1 [KO:K05212]
101098262  GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A isoform X1 [KO:K05213]
101094736  GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B isoform X3 [KO:K05214]
101088165  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101099228  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 isoform X3 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101100941  HDAC3; histone deacetylase 3 isoform X3 [KO:K11404] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101098019  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101093384  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 isoform X7 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101084086  HDAC6; histone deacetylase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K11407] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101087242  HDAC7; histone deacetylase 7 isoform X5 [KO:K11408] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101096383  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 isoform X8 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101085705  HDAC9; histone deacetylase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K11409] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101080901  HDAC10; polyamine deacetylase HDAC10 isoform X1 [KO:K18671] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101081876  HDAC11; histone deacetylase 11 [KO:K11418] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101092025  histone H2A type 1-C [KO:K11251]
101094019  histone H2A type 1-B [KO:K11251]
101096808  histone H2A-IV-like [KO:K11251]
101084707  histone H2A type 1-E [KO:K11251]
101085206  histone H2A type 1-E-like [KO:K11251]
101086721  histone H2A type 1-H-like isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
101088237  histone H2A type 1-B [KO:K11251]
101085975  histone H2A-beta, sperm-like [KO:K11251]
101097798  histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3 [KO:K11251]
101099622  histone H2A.V isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
101095750  H2AJ; histone H2A.J [KO:K11251]
101101494  histone H2A type 2-A [KO:K11251]
101080814  histone H2A type 2-C [KO:K11251]
101081066  histone H2A type 2-B [KO:K11251]
101095127  histone H2AX [KO:K11251]
101098042  histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3-like [KO:K11251]
101098601  histone H2A type 3 [KO:K11251]
105260536  histone H2A type 1-E [KO:K11251]
101083005  histone H2A type 1-E [KO:K11251]
105260540  histone H2A type 1-E [KO:K11251]
101093519  histone H2A type 1-H-like [KO:K11251]
102899210  histone H2A type 1-E [KO:K11251]
101095520  MACROH2A2; core histone macro-H2A.2 [KO:K11251]
101083265  histone H2A type 1-J [KO:K11251]
101080257  MACROH2A1; core histone macro-H2A.1 isoform X5 [KO:K11251]
101087401  histone H2A.Z [KO:K11251]
111558783  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
111558759  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
102899188  histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3 [KO:K11251]
111558709  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
123383302  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
123383321  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
123383322  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
123383323  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
123383324  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
123383325  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
123383326  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
123383333  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
123383334  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
101092488  histone H2B subacrosomal variant-like [KO:K11252]
101092267  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
101093772  histone H2B type 1-B [KO:K11252]
101096314  histone H2B type 1-A-like [KO:K11252]
101096566  histone H2B type 1-A [KO:K11252]
101082235  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
101084446  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
101085463  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
101088485  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
101088746  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
101091280  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
101091533  histone H2B type 1-M [KO:K11252]
101080561  histone H2B type 2-E [KO:K11252]
101090262  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I isoform X1 [KO:K11252]
101100989  histone H2B type 2-F [KO:K11252]
101080314  histone H2B type 2-E [KO:K11252]
101088681  histone H2B type 2-E-like [KO:K11252]
102899259  histone H2B type 2-E1 isoform X1 [KO:K11252]
101098354  histone H2B type 3-B [KO:K11252]
111557864  histone H2B-like [KO:K11252]
101083514  histone H2B type 1-K [KO:K11252]
101086477  histone H2B type 1-K [KO:K11252]
101086971  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histone H2B type 1-J [KO:K11252]
123385656  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
123378934  histone H2B type 1-M [KO:K11252]
101090012  histone H2B type 1-K-like [KO:K11252]
101093269  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
101084959  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
101084194  histone H3.1-like [KO:K11253]
101080886  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
101080845  histone H3.3A [KO:K11253]
101089514  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
101101285  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histone H3.3 [KO:K11253]
101080632  histone H3.1 isoform X2 [KO:K11253]
105260537  histone H3.3-like [KO:K11253]
105260541  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
101089008  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
100169960  H3F3A; histone H3.3A [KO:K11253]
101101243  histone H3-like [KO:K11253]
101094506  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
101094758  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
101082491  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101083933  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101089767  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101092762  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101095347  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101088423  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
105260538  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101083921  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101084193  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101084708  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101087478  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101091131  HAT1; histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K11303] [EC:2.3.1.48]
101085098  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
101098453  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X2 [KO:K04632]
102900772  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
101096838  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X3 [KO:K04145]
101092837  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
101100320  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
101089679  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
101101353  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04534]
101086580  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
101093317  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
101084799  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
101091855  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
101081809  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
101097491  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
101091560  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
123380358  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3-like [KO:K04540]
101081928  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04541]
111561761  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
101088219  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
101090817  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X2 [KO:K04544]
111557526  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
101088915  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
101084346  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
101089378  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
101086526  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
101088476  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
101096184  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
101095579  SLC29A1; equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 isoform X3 [KO:K15014]
101084828  SLC29A2; equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 [KO:K15014]
101097175  SLC29A3; equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15014]
101080742  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a isoform X1 [KO:K04266]
109494208  ADORA2B; adenosine receptor A2b [KO:K04267]
101100749  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101090494  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101095353  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101090884  ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
101084297  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
101089838  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
101100293  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
101100442  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X4 [KO:K09048]
101093555  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
101087097  CREB3L1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
101084784  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X7 [KO:K09047]
101094849  ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X4 [KO:K09049]
692345  CRH; corticoliberin precursor [KO:K05256]
101096968  NPY; pro-neuropeptide Y [KO:K05232]
493690  BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor [KO:K04355]
101101347  NTRK2; BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04360] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101092911  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K06279]
101083489  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17447]
101095865  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
101099050  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17449]
101099916  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364]
101098862  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
101088847  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
751103  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
751104  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
751105  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
101089839  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101092346  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X5 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101096047  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101081387  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101087614  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101087958  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101084530  PDYN; proenkephalin-B [KO:K15840]
101081534  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
101099307  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
102902667  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
101091063  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
101097703  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
101094679  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
101086824  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
101100214  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
101091320  CAMKK1; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00908] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101097674  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101095400  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101095060  FOSB; protein fosB isoform X1 [KO:K09029]
101090972  PPP1R1B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B isoform X2 [KO:K15494]
101100922  PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101092932  PPP1CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109492306  PPP1CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101084166  PKIA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K15985]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00469  Ethanol
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01161  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate
C03758  Dopamine
Reference
PMID:19342616
  Authors
Spanagel R
  Title
Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 89:649-705 (2009)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00013.2008
Reference
PMID:16102840
  Authors
Newton PM, Messing RO
  Title
Intracellular signaling pathways that regulate behavioral responses to ethanol.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 109:227-37 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.07.004
Reference
PMID:14729391
  Authors
Mailliard WS, Diamond I
  Title
Recent advances in the neurobiology of alcoholism: the role of adenosine.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 101:39-46 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.10.002
Reference
PMID:16278489
  Authors
Ron D, Jurd R
  Title
The "ups and downs" of signaling cascades in addiction.
  Journal
Sci STKE 2005:re14 (2005)
DOI:10.1126/stke.3092005re14
Reference
PMID:12605085
  Authors
Diana M, Brodie M, Muntoni A, Puddu MC, Pillolla G, Steffensen S, Spiga S, Little HJ
  Title
Enduring effects of chronic ethanol in the CNS: basis for alcoholism.
  Journal
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27:354-61 (2003)
DOI:10.1097/01.ALC.0000057121.36127.19
Reference
PMID:19756388
  Authors
Moonat S, Starkman BG, Sakharkar A, Pandey SC
  Title
Neuroscience of alcoholism: molecular and cellular mechanisms.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 67:73-88 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-009-0135-y
Reference
PMID:15500908
  Authors
Pandey SC
  Title
The gene transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein: role in positive and negative affective states of alcohol addiction.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 104:47-58 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.08.002
Reference
PMID:16764827
  Authors
Zhang TA, Maldve RE, Morrisett RA
  Title
Coincident signaling in mesolimbic structures underlying alcohol reinforcement.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 72:919-27 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.04.022
Reference
PMID:12068305
  Authors
Maldve RE, Zhang TA, Ferrani-Kile K, Schreiber SS, Lippmann MJ, Snyder GL, Fienberg AA, Leslie SW, Gonzales RA, Morrisett RA
  Title
DARPP-32 and regulation of the ethanol sensitivity of NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens.
  Journal
Nat Neurosci 5:641-8 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nn877
Reference
PMID:12085089
  Authors
Lovinger DM
  Title
NMDA receptors lose their inhibitions.
  Journal
Nat Neurosci 5:614-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nn0702-614
Reference
PMID:16776597
  Authors
Hyman SE, Malenka RC, Nestler EJ
  Title
Neural mechanisms of addiction: the role of reward-related learning and memory.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 29:565-98 (2006)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009
Reference
PMID:10774721
  Authors
Berke JD, Hyman SE
  Title
Addiction, dopamine, and the molecular mechanisms of memory.
  Journal
Neuron 25:515-32 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81056-9
Reference
PMID:20729980
  Authors
Clapp P, Bhave SV, Hoffman PL
  Title
How Adaptation of the Brain to Alcohol Leads to Dependence: A Pharmacological Perspective.
  Journal
Alcohol Res Health 31:310-339 (2008)
Reference
PMID:20947635
  Authors
Jeanes ZM, Buske TR, Morrisett RA
  Title
In vivo chronic intermittent ethanol exposure reverses the polarity of synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens shell.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 336:155-64 (2011)
DOI:10.1124/jpet.110.171009
Reference
PMID:18991950
  Authors
Lee AM, Messing RO
  Title
Protein kinases and addiction.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1141:22-57 (2008)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1441.022
Reference
PMID:17270154
  Authors
Repunte-Canonigo V, Lutjens R, van der Stap LD, Sanna PP
  Title
Increased expression of protein kinase A inhibitor alpha (PKI-alpha) and decreased PKA-regulated genes in chronic intermittent alcohol exposure.
  Journal
Brain Res 1138:48-56 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.115
Reference
PMID:18310464
  Authors
Logrip ML, Janak PH, Ron D
  Title
Dynorphin is a downstream effector of striatal BDNF regulation of ethanol intake.
  Journal
FASEB J 22:2393-404 (2008)
DOI:10.1096/fj.07-099135
Reference
PMID:18616668
  Authors
Shukla SD, Velazquez J, French SW, Lu SC, Ticku MK, Zakhari S
  Title
Emerging role of epigenetics in the actions of alcohol.
  Journal
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32:1525-34 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00729.x
Reference
PMID:19077056
  Authors
Pascual M, Boix J, Felipo V, Guerri C
  Title
Repeated alcohol administration during adolescence causes changes in the mesolimbic dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems and promotes alcohol intake in the adult rat.
  Journal
J Neurochem 108:920-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05835.x
Reference
PMID:20626732
  Authors
Li J, Cheng Y, Bian W, Liu X, Zhang C, Ye JH
  Title
Region-specific induction of FosB/DeltaFosB by voluntary alcohol intake: effects of naltrexone.
  Journal
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 34:1742-50 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01261.x
Related
pathway
fca04010  MAPK signaling pathway
fca04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05034   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system