KEGG   PATHWAY: ggo04072
Entry
ggo04072                    Pathway                                
Name
Phospholipase D signaling pathway - Gorilla gorilla gorilla (western lowland gorilla)
Description
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an essential enzyme responsible for the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), which is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell proliferation and cell survival. PLD activity can be stimulated by a large number of cell surface receptors and is elaborately regulated by intracellular factors, including protein kinase C isoforms, small GTPases of the ARF, Rho and Ras families and the phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The PLD-produced PA activates signaling proteins and acts as a node within the membrane to which signaling proteins translocate. Several signaling proteins, including Raf-1 and mTOR, directly bind PA to mediate translocation or activation, respectively.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
ggo04072  Phospholipase D signaling pathway
ggo04072

Organism
Gorilla gorilla gorilla (western lowland gorilla) [GN:ggo]
Gene
101153700  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K04357]
101132059  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359]
101138492  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X2 [KO:K17386]
101144807  PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C [KO:K05450]
101134877  PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05450]
101125404  KITLG; kit ligand isoform X1 [KO:K05461]
101132604  INS; insulin isoform X1 [KO:K04526]
101126190  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101124928  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101150577  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101126389  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform X5 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101144696  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101133976  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
101147447  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K09593]
101148004  GAB2; GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K08091]
101136424  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K06279]
101129046  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
101127418  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K17448]
101154420  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
101133729  PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform X1 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
101130824  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
101137539  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
101136425  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
101144039  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
101146562  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
101146138  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
109024246  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
101147763  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X3 [KO:K07830]
101144743  RALGDS; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator isoform X1 [KO:K08732]
101149508  RALA; ras-related protein Ral-A [KO:K07834]
101132362  RALB; ras-related protein Ral-B isoform X1 [KO:K07835]
101143811  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101146434  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101152123  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101130978  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
101135298  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101129336  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101137723  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101138019  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101137273  TSC1; hamartin isoform X2 [KO:K07206]
101137934  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
101125222  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
101138990  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101134778  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
101148612  ARF1; ADP-ribosylation factor 1 [KO:K07937]
101133623  ARF6; ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
101135199  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101133643  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109023156  putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856]
115930553  uncharacterized protein LOC115930553 [KO:K06856]
115930559  uncharacterized protein LOC115930559 [KO:K06856]
101133851  putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV1OR21-1 [KO:K06856]
101126100  FCER1A; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha [KO:K08089]
101139625  MS4A2; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit beta [KO:K08090]
101125858  FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma [KO:K07983]
101143006  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn isoform X1 [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101138129  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform X1 [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101124828  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101135150  PLD1; phospholipase D1 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
101135996  PLD2; phospholipase D2 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
109025233  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101126764  PLA2G4C; cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101137812  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101138793  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101147399  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101153839  AGPAT1; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha isoform X2 [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
101154487  AGPAT2; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
101126776  AGPAT3; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gamma isoform X1 [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
101153959  AGPAT4; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta isoform X1 [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
101149873  AGPAT5; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon [KO:K19007] [EC:2.3.1.51]
101127850  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
101136454  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X3 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101132391  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101126885  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101140164  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101135988  MAPK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101132548  PIP5K1C; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
101150370  PIP5K1B; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
101132245  PIP5K1A; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
101149662  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative PIP5K1A and PSMD4-like protein [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
101150329  DGKE; diacylglycerol kinase epsilon [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101126780  DGKI; diacylglycerol kinase iota [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101134440  DGKG; diacylglycerol kinase gamma isoform X2 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101142927  DGKZ; diacylglycerol kinase zeta isoform X12 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101129855  DGKH; diacylglycerol kinase eta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101131195  DGKQ; diacylglycerol kinase theta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101133115  DGKA; diacylglycerol kinase alpha isoform X4 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101142590  DGKD; diacylglycerol kinase delta isoform X3 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101130885  DGKB; diacylglycerol kinase beta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101139329  DGKK; diacylglycerol kinase kappa [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101127981  PLPP2; phospholipid phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
101146159  PLPP1; phospholipid phosphatase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
101137498  PLPP3; phospholipid phosphatase 3 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
101149905  F2; prothrombin [KO:K01313] [EC:3.4.21.5]
101141078  AGT; angiotensinogen precursor [KO:K09821]
101130732  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
101128433  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
101144448  F2R; proteinase-activated receptor 1 [KO:K03914]
101150458  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
101141235  GRM2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04605]
101136022  GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04606]
101128354  GRM4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04607]
101148125  GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604]
101141393  GRM6; metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
101123810  GRM7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04609]
101126075  GRM8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
101134532  AVPR1A; vasopressin V1a receptor [KO:K04226]
101153890  AVPR1B; vasopressin V1b receptor [KO:K04227]
101128967  AVPR2; vasopressin V2 receptor [KO:K04228]
101144872  LPAR1; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 [KO:K04289]
101126528  LPAR2; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2 [KO:K04291]
101142058  LPAR3; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 [KO:K04294]
101150616  LPAR4; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 [KO:K04275]
101126364  LPAR5; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 [KO:K08390]
101132139  LPAR6; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04273]
101153883  PTGFR; prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04262]
101152473  CXCR1; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 [KO:K04175]
101151143  C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 [KO:K05050]
101140350  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101153613  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101129357  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101154323  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101147243  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 isoform X1 [KO:K04346]
101135800  PTK2B; protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta isoform X1 [KO:K05871] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101152866  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04639]
101153738  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101128463  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
101128094  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
101138716  CYTH3; cytohesin-3 [KO:K18441]
101141906  CYTH4; cytohesin-4 [KO:K18441]
101144109  CYTH2; cytohesin-2 isoform X2 [KO:K18441]
101145914  CYTH1; cytohesin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K18441]
101132215  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
109023045  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X10 [KO:K04632]
101125943  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101141389  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101144031  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X4 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101125890  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101150181  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X2 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101139873  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101126268  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101142672  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101145410  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101153785  RAPGEF3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform X3 [KO:K08014]
101151388  RAPGEF4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04351]
101133474  DNM3; dynamin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
101130050  DNM1; dynamin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
101138473  DNM2; dynamin-2 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00416  Phosphatidate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00639  Prostaglandin F2alpha
C00681  1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:17245604
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Lopez de Jesus M, Schmidt M
  Title
Phospholipase D signaling: orchestration by PIP2 and small GTPases.
  Journal
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 374:399-411 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00210-007-0131-4
Reference
PMID:21936578
  Authors
Selvy PE, Lavieri RR, Lindsley CW, Brown HA
  Title
Phospholipase D: enzymology, functionality, and chemical modulation.
  Journal
Chem Rev 111:6064-119 (2011)
DOI:10.1021/cr200296t
Reference
PMID:24995811
  Authors
Brandenburg LO, Pufe T, Koch T
  Title
Role of phospholipase d in g-protein coupled receptor function.
  Journal
Membranes (Basel) 4:302-18 (2014)
DOI:10.3390/membranes4030302
Reference
PMID:17054901
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M
  Title
Dynamic phospholipid signaling by G protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1768:888-900 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.012
Reference
PMID:24990952
  Authors
Foster DA, Salloum D, Menon D, Frias MA
  Title
Phospholipase D and the maintenance of phosphatidic acid levels for regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
  Journal
J Biol Chem 289:22583-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R114.566091
Reference
PMID:16143829
  Authors
Jenkins GM, Frohman MA
  Title
Phospholipase D: a lipid centric review.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 62:2305-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5195-z
Reference
PMID:19815110
  Authors
Metcalfe DD, Peavy RD, Gilfillan AM
  Title
Mechanisms of mast cell signaling in anaphylaxis.
  Journal
J Allergy Clin Immunol 124:639-46; quiz 647-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.035
Reference
PMID:18936782
  Authors
Kalesnikoff J, Galli SJ
  Title
New developments in mast cell biology.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 9:1215-23 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/ni.f.216
Reference
PMID:12217395
  Authors
Cockcroft S, Way G, O'Luanaigh N, Pardo R, Sarri E, Fensome A
  Title
Signalling role for ARF and phospholipase D in mast cell exocytosis stimulated by crosslinking of the high affinity FcepsilonR1 receptor.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 38:1277-82 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00075-5
Reference
PMID:19410013
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim KL, Jang JH, Choi YS, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The roles of phospholipase D in EGFR signaling.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:862-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.04.007
Reference
PMID:16622417
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim IS, Park JB, Lee MN, Lee HY, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The phox homology domain of phospholipase D activates dynamin GTPase activity and accelerates EGFR endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 8:477-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/ncb1401
Reference
PMID:14769825
  Authors
Kam Y, Exton JH
  Title
Role of phospholipase D1 in the regulation of mTOR activity by lysophosphatidic acid.
  Journal
FASEB J 18:311-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1096/fj.03-0731com
Reference
PMID:9310372
  Authors
Kozawa O, Blume-Jensen P, Heldin CH, Ronnstrand L
  Title
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase in stem-cell-factor-induced phospholipase D activation and arachidonic acid release.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 248:149-55 (1997)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00149.x
Reference
PMID:11042115
  Authors
Slaaby R, Du G, Altshuller YM, Frohman MA, Seedorf K
  Title
Insulin-induced phospholipase D1 and phospholipase D2 activity in human embryonic kidney-293 cells mediated by the phospholipase C gamma and protein kinase C alpha signalling cascade.
  Journal
Biochem J 351 Pt 3:613-9 (2000)
DOI:10.1042/bj3510613
Reference
PMID:11991733
  Authors
Fahimi-Vahid M, Gosau N, Michalek C, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M, Roberts N, Avkiran M, Wieland T
  Title
Distinct signaling pathways mediate cardiomyocyte phospholipase D stimulation by endothelin-1 and thrombin.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 34:441-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1006/jmcc.2002.1525
Reference
PMID:10666319
  Authors
Freeman EJ
  Title
The Ang II-induced growth of vascular smooth muscle cells involves a phospholipase D-mediated signaling mechanism.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 374:363-70 (2000)
DOI:10.1006/abbi.1999.1608
Reference
PMID:9119890
  Authors
Naro F, Donchenko V, Minotti S, Zolla L, Molinaro M, Adamo S
  Title
Role of phospholipase C and D signalling pathways in vasopressin-dependent myogenic differentiation.
  Journal
J Cell Physiol 171:34-42 (1997)
DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199704)171:1<34::AID-JCP5>3.0.CO;2-I
Reference
PMID:10807766
  Authors
Murdoch C, Finn A
  Title
Chemokine receptors and their role in inflammation and infectious diseases.
  Journal
Blood 95:3032-43 (2000)
Reference
PMID:8135758
  Authors
Sugiyama T, Sakai T, Nozawa Y, Oka N
  Title
Prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated phospholipase D activation in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells: involvement in sustained 1,2-diacylglycerol production.
  Journal
Biochem J 298 ( Pt 2):479-84 (1994)
DOI:10.1042/bj2980479
Reference
PMID:17210675
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Regulation of mTOR by phosphatidic acid?
  Journal
Cancer Res 67:1-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3016
Reference
PMID:15310762
  Authors
Delon C, Manifava M, Wood E, Thompson D, Krugmann S, Pyne S, Ktistakis NT
  Title
Sphingosine kinase 1 is an intracellular effector of phosphatidic acid.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:44763-74 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M405771200
Reference
PMID:23076158
  Authors
Park JB, Lee CS, Jang JH, Ghim J, Kim YJ, You S, Hwang D, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
Phospholipase signalling networks in cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 12:782-92 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3379
Reference
PMID:19264150
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Phosphatidic acid signaling to mTOR: signals for the survival of human cancer cells.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:949-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.009
Related
pathway
ggo00561  Glycerolipid metabolism
ggo04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ggo04014  Ras signaling pathway
ggo04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ggo04024  cAMP signaling pathway
ggo04071  Sphingolipid signaling pathway
ggo04144  Endocytosis
ggo04150  mTOR signaling pathway
ggo04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
ggo04664  Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04072   
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