Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon) [GN:
nle ]
Gene
100600941 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
100593655 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
115838246 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9-like [KO:K04679 ]
100584080 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9-like [KO:K04679 ]
100589735 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
100583279 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
115833954 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transferrin receptor protein 1-like [KO:K06503 ]
100591281 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12470 ]
100599872 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562 ]
100596582 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
100579860 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
100596861 ARPC4; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K05755 ]
100598106 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
100581707 ARPC5; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 isoform X2 [KO:K05754 ]
100580744 WIPF1; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K19475 ]
100602288 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X4 [KO:K09526 ]
100599958 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K10365 ]
100600132 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X2 [KO:K18467 ]
100581247 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
100596592 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A isoform X1 [KO:K18466 ]
100595673 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
100606951 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
100591730 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog [KO:K12184 ]
100587445 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185 ]
100604839 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
100581136 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
100583556 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
100585198 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 isoform X1 [KO:K12190 ]
100606624 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
101176291 putative charged multivesicular body protein 4B-like protein CHMP4BP1 [KO:K12194 ]
100603228 CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K15053 ]
100600466 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
100599923 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
100579429 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
100590910 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X2 [KO:K12200 ]
115834474 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
100582107 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05068 ]
100585758 IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K05070 ]
100579523 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-67 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
100588639 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100592911 popy class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100587765 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-3 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
115830427 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, CH28 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100602874 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-46 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100591000 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like [KO:K06751 ]
100606170 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
100598409 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X1 [KO:K12479 ]
100588207 RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K12484 ]
100583706 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
100602094 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
100586514 RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
100582346 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
100586482 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X6 [KO:K06093 ]
100605245 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
100603901 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
100581081 SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X4 [KO:K12486 ]
100581096 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
100604148 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
100583081 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12488 ]
100592189 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
100579573 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X7 [KO:K12489 ]
100607184 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
100594751 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
100598521 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18440 ]
100598122 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
100595465 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X11 [KO:K12491 ]
100595310 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
115833813 arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
115831272 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 11-like [KO:K12491 ]
115830349 arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
100586848 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 5 [KO:K12491 ]
100606689 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
100587248 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12492 ]
100604069 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K12493 ]
100584157 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
100598343 PSD2; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
100592487 PSD; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12494 ]
100607863 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
100590915 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
100582828 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
100588636 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
100589212 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
100592148 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
nle04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
nle04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
nle04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway
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