KEGG   PATHWAY: padl04144
Entry
padl04144                   Pathway                                
Name
Endocytosis - Pygoscelis adeliae (Adelie penguin)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
padl04144  Endocytosis
padl04144

Other DBs
GO: 0006897
Organism
Pygoscelis adeliae (Adelie penguin) [GN:padl]
Gene
103913236  ADP-ribosylation factor 6-like [KO:K07941]
103914904  ARF6; ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
103924092  PIP5K1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 alpha [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
103916065  PIP5K1C; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
103920365  PIP5K1B; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
103924963  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
103915389  DNM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dynamin-1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
103914098  DNM3; dynamin-3 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
103914840  DNM2; dynamin-2 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
103923246  CLTA; clathrin light chain A [KO:K04644]
103924917  CLTB; clathrin light chain B [KO:K04645]
103916800  CLTC; clathrin heavy chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04646]
103922594  CLTCL1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: clathrin heavy chain 2 [KO:K04646]
103916455  AP2A2; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 [KO:K11824]
103918689  AP2B1; AP-2 complex subunit beta [KO:K11825]
103922965  AP2M1; AP-2 complex subunit mu isoform X1 [KO:K11826]
103917369  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103919595  TGF-beta receptor type-2-like [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103917105  TGFBR2; TGF-beta receptor type-2 [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103913657  ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 [KO:K04679]
103923423  ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 [KO:K04679]
103922051  protein PML-like [KO:K10054] [EC:2.3.2.-]
103922053  PML; protein PML [KO:K10054] [EC:2.3.2.-]
103916021  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
103914749  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
103916574  TFRC; transferrin receptor protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06503]
103914859  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103926287  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103918542  FGFR2; fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 [KO:K05093] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103920985  FGFR3; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103918814  FGFR4; fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 [KO:K05095] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103914830  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103921583  CBL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103914685  CBLB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B [KO:K22517] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103918222  SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 [KO:K12470]
103917781  SH3GL1; endophilin-A2 [KO:K11247]
103922725  SH3GL3; endophilin-A3 isoform X1 [KO:K11247]
103920360  SH3GL2; endophilin-A1 [KO:K11247]
103925204  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
103915299  SH3GLB2; endophilin-B2 [KO:K21269]
103915138  AMPH; amphiphysin [KO:K12562]
103916531  BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562]
103921420  EPN2; epsin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K12471]
103916752  EPN3; epsin-3 [KO:K12471]
103912452  EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 [KO:K12472]
103926447  EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 [KO:K12472]
103920071  SPG20; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: spartin [KO:K19366]
103916437  NEDD4; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4 [KO:K10591] [EC:2.3.2.26]
103916109  NEDD4L; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-like isoform X1 [KO:K13305] [EC:2.3.2.26]
103919957  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X1 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103921676  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103926338  RNF41; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NRDP1 [KO:K11981] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103912391  ITCH; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog isoform X1 [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
103914169  SMURF1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF1 [KO:K04678] [EC:2.3.2.26]
103916653  SMURF2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF2 [KO:K04678] [EC:2.3.2.26]
103924064  WWP1; NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP1 isoform X1 [KO:K05633] [EC:2.3.2.26]
103919403  low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K12474]
103923713  LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 [KO:K12474]
103921459  DAB2; disabled homolog 2 [KO:K12475]
103922998  C-C chemokine receptor type 2-like [KO:K04180]
103922999  C-C chemokine receptor type 5-like [KO:K04180]
103914253  C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2-like [KO:K05050]
103912661  CXCR4; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 [KO:K04189]
103917876  GRK7; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 7 [KO:K00909] [EC:2.7.11.14]
103925680  ADRBK2; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
103912228  GRK6; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 [KO:K08291] [EC:2.7.11.16]
103920932  GRK4; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 [KO:K08291] [EC:2.7.11.16]
103918548  GRK5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 [KO:K08291] [EC:2.7.11.16]
103923835  WASL; neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein [KO:K23612]
103917830  ACTR2; actin-related protein 2 [KO:K17260]
103915636  ACTR3B; actin-related protein 3B [KO:K18584]
103918500  actin-related protein 3 [KO:K18584]
103914104  ARPC1A; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A [KO:K05757]
103918799  ARPC1B; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B [KO:K05757]
103914267  ARPC2; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 [KO:K05758]
103914553  ARPC3; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 [KO:K05756]
103917495  ARPC5; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 [KO:K05754]
103918434  WIPF3; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 3 [KO:K19475]
103924822  HSPA8; heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein [KO:K03283]
103913973  DNAJC6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin [KO:K09526]
103924533  KIAA1033; WASH complex subunit 7 [KO:K18465]
103916373  KIAA0196; WASH complex subunit strumpellin [KO:K18464]
103913853  FAM21C; WASH complex subunit FAM21C isoform X1 [KO:K18462]
103924380  WASH1; WAS protein family homolog 1 [KO:K18461]
103924524  CCDC53; WASH complex subunit CCDC53 [KO:K18463]
103924486  CAPZA3; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-3 [KO:K10364]
103916976  CAPZA2; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2 [KO:K10364]
103923590  CAPZA1; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1 [KO:K10364]
103918071  CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta [KO:K10365]
103914571  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 [KO:K18467]
103922668  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29-like [KO:K18467]
103918608  VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466]
103924828  VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466]
103913750  VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468]
103918982  SNX3; sorting nexin-3 [KO:K17918]
103923404  SNX12; sorting nexin-12 [KO:K17918]
103922738  USP8; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K11839] [EC:3.4.19.12]
103919649  STAMBP; STAM-binding protein [KO:K11866] [EC:3.4.19.12]
103914394  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
103917457  hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate-like [KO:K12182]
103912653  STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04705]
103922461  STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K04705]
103920765  TSG101; tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein [KO:K12183]
103925564  MVB12B; multivesicular body subunit 12B [KO:K12186]
103914520  VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B isoform X1 [KO:K12185]
103912552  VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185]
103922277  VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185]
103926276  VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A [KO:K12185]
103922068  SNF8; vacuolar-sorting protein SNF8 [KO:K12188]
103913447  VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 [KO:K12190]
103919249  VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189]
103917438  CHMP6; charged multivesicular body protein 6 [KO:K12195]
103912422  CHMP4B; charged multivesicular body protein 4b [KO:K12194]
103926217  CHMP4C; charged multivesicular body protein 4c [KO:K24782]
103923510  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 3 [KO:K12193]
103916891  CHMP2B; charged multivesicular body protein 2b [KO:K12192]
103913099  CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 [KO:K15053]
103919234  VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196]
103912718  VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12199]
103919194  CHMP1B; charged multivesicular body protein 1b [KO:K12197]
103922330  CHMP5; charged multivesicular body protein 5 [KO:K12198]
103926386  IST1; IST1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K19476]
103914495  PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein [KO:K12200]
103914764  SPG21; maspardin [KO:K19367]
103918341  IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564]
103914470  SNX2; sorting nexin-2 [KO:K17917]
103916818  SNX1; sorting nexin-1 [KO:K17917]
103913013  SNX6; sorting nexin-6 [KO:K17920]
103921494  SNX5; sorting nexin-5 [KO:K17920]
103912412  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
103916453  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
103920842  interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha-like [KO:K05068]
103924145  IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta [KO:K05069]
103923348  IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma [KO:K05070]
103925495  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
103914226  class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751]
103919128  riboflavin-binding protein [KO:K13649]
103925505  folate receptor gamma-like [KO:K13649]
103917009  CAV1; caveolin-1 [KO:K06278]
103917010  CAV2; caveolin-2 [KO:K12958]
103913591  CAV3; caveolin-3 [KO:K12959]
103925003  EHD3; EH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12476]
103912849  EHD4; EH domain-containing protein 4 [KO:K12477]
103914676  EEA1; early endosome antigen 1 [KO:K12478]
103921524  RAB5A; ras-related protein Rab-5A [KO:K07887]
103919498  RAB5C; ras-related protein Rab-5C [KO:K07889]
103912881  RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 [KO:K12480]
103913604  ZFYVE20; rabenosyn-5 [KO:K12481]
103921289  RAB4A; ras-related protein Rab-4A [KO:K07879]
103915831  RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12482]
103918485  RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12482]
103923293  VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 [KO:K12479]
103919597  SNX4; sorting nexin-4 [KO:K17919]
103912341  RAB31; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein Rab-31 [KO:K07891]
103919368  RAB22A; ras-related protein Rab-22A [KO:K07891]
103923905  RAB10; ras-related protein Rab-10 [KO:K07903]
103923193  ras-related protein Rab-10-like [KO:K07903]
103912199  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
103922639  RAB35; ras-related protein Rab-35 [KO:K07876]
103913902  ras-related protein Rab-11A-like [KO:K07904]
103914813  RAB11A; ras-related protein Rab-11A [KO:K07904]
103916047  RAB11B; ras-related protein Rab-11B [KO:K07905]
103914280  RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 [KO:K12484]
103912370  RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 [KO:K12484]
103918554  RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 [KO:K12484]
103916331  ZFYVE27; protrudin [KO:K19368]
103912665  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain isoform 5C [KO:K10396]
103918263  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
103912558  RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 [KO:K12485]
103916737  RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 [KO:K12485]
103918266  PARD3; partitioning defective 3 homolog [KO:K04237]
103913533  PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha [KO:K06093]
103919354  PARD6B; partitioning defective 6 homolog beta [KO:K06093]
103917752  PARD6G; partitioning defective 6 homolog gamma [KO:K06093]
103917923  PRKCZ; protein kinase C zeta type [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103924958  PRKCI; protein kinase C iota type [KO:K06069] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103925407  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393]
103924857  SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 [KO:K12486]
103924679  SMAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: stromal membrane-associated protein 1 [KO:K12486]
103925685  GIT2; ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT2 [KO:K12487]
103916381  ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12488]
103924058  ASAP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12488]
103921370  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2-like [KO:K12488]
103913843  ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12489]
103917950  ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12489]
103914699  ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K18440]
103921971  ARAP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12490]
103914171  AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491]
103922138  AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12491]
103919317  ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492]
103924311  ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 [KO:K12493]
103921708  ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 [KO:K12493]
103915462  PSD2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12494]
103915601  PSD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12494]
103925584  PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3-like [KO:K12494]
103915206  IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12495]
103924379  IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12495]
103913549  CYTH3; cytohesin-3 [KO:K18441]
103924149  CYTH4; cytohesin-4 [KO:K18441]
103917409  CYTH1; cytohesin-1 [KO:K18441]
103919260  ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 [KO:K18442]
103926241  ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442]
103915561  GBF1; golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K18443]
103924708  ARF1; ADP-ribosylation factor 1 [KO:K07937]
103915479  ARF4; ADP-ribosylation factor 4 [KO:K07939]
103913587  ARF5; ADP-ribosylation factor 5 [KO:K07940]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
PMID:19007773
  Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
  Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 315:1610-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.10.014
Reference
PMID:18647649
  Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
  Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
  Journal
Cell Signal 21:1-6 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.06.020
Reference
PMID:15261671
  Authors
Sorkin A
  Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 16:392-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2004.06.001
Reference
PMID:19325624
  Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
  Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
  Journal
Nature 458:445-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nature07961
Reference
PMID:20110990
  Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
  Title
The endocytic matrix.
  Journal
Nature 463:464-73 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nature08910
Reference
PMID:15687999
  Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
  Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:112-26 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1571
Reference
PMID:19924646
  Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
  Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
  Journal
Histol Histopathol 25:99-112 (2010)
DOI:10.14670/HH-25.99
Reference
PMID:16203612
  Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
  Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
  Journal
Ann Med 37:394-403 (2005)
DOI:10.1080/07853890510011976
Reference
PMID:19696797
  Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
  Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:597-608 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2755
Reference
PMID:22193161
  Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
  Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 14:29-37 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/ncb2374
Related
pathway
padl04060  Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
padl04070  Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
padl04130  SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
padl04142  Lysosome
padl04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04144   
LinkDB

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