KEGG   PATHWAY: vvp04072
Entry
vvp04072                    Pathway                                
Name
Phospholipase D signaling pathway - Vulpes vulpes (red fox)
Description
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an essential enzyme responsible for the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), which is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell proliferation and cell survival. PLD activity can be stimulated by a large number of cell surface receptors and is elaborately regulated by intracellular factors, including protein kinase C isoforms, small GTPases of the ARF, Rho and Ras families and the phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The PLD-produced PA activates signaling proteins and acts as a node within the membrane to which signaling proteins translocate. Several signaling proteins, including Raf-1 and mTOR, directly bind PA to mediate translocation or activation, respectively.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
vvp04072  Phospholipase D signaling pathway
vvp04072

Organism
Vulpes vulpes (red fox) [GN:vvp]
Gene
112934223  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K04357]
112929281  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A [KO:K04359]
112933988  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386]
112912529  platelet-derived growth factor C [KO:K05450]
112925942  PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05450]
112914895  KITLG; kit ligand isoform X1 [KO:K05461]
112924140  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
112925820  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
112933353  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
112927357  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
112912596  mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
112933391  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
112909702  INSR; insulin receptor [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
112920790  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
112911650  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 [KO:K09593]
112928606  GAB2; GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 [KO:K08091]
112918897  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
112935467  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17447]
112908627  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
112920045  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
112926139  tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11-like [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
112935165  PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform X1 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
112921310  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
112935267  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
112914428  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
112917213  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
112916766  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
112935006  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
112931379  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
112927048  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
112928009  RALGDS; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator isoform X1 [KO:K08732]
112925806  RALA; ras-related protein Ral-A [KO:K07834]
112934326  RALB; ras-related protein Ral-B [KO:K07835]
112924665  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112926217  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112934961  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112914774  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112913170  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
112935820  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112928376  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112930303  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112923528  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112928006  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
112909041  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
112916202  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
112929738  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112911519  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
112911979  ARF1; ADP-ribosylation factor 1 [KO:K07937]
112920685  ARL17A; ADP-ribosylation factor-like 17-like isoform X1 [KO:K07937]
112921455  ARF6; ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
112928123  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112911890  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2-like [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112912331  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112912798  Ig heavy chain Mem5-like [KO:K06856]
112910053  FCER1A; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha [KO:K08089]
112935035  high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit beta-like [KO:K08090]
112935038  membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 3-like [KO:K08090]
112910088  FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma [KO:K07983]
112925186  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
112908642  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform X1 [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
112920728  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
112926674  PLD1; phospholipase D1 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
112924795  PLD2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
112919809  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
112919810  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
112921831  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
112919975  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
112919979  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
112913641  AGPAT1; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha isoform X1 [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
112906878  AGPAT2; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta isoform X1 [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
112909541  AGPAT3; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gamma [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
112932942  AGPAT4; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta isoform X1 [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
112934474  AGPAT5; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon [KO:K19007] [EC:2.3.1.51]
112920827  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
112931373  SPHK2; sphingosine kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
112933694  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112935545  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
112929340  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112907501  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112922124  PIP5K1B; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
112907758  PIP5K1A; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
112935606  PIP5K1C; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
112926287  DGKG; diacylglycerol kinase gamma isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
112928058  DGKH; diacylglycerol kinase eta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
112924092  DGKZ; diacylglycerol kinase zeta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
112925487  DGKD; diacylglycerol kinase delta [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
112922403  DGKA; diacylglycerol kinase alpha isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
112907254  DGKK; diacylglycerol kinase kappa [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
112917902  DGKE; diacylglycerol kinase epsilon [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
112918579  DGKQ; diacylglycerol kinase theta [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
112908898  DGKI; diacylglycerol kinase iota [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
112915748  diacylglycerol kinase beta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
112926099  PLPP3; phospholipid phosphatase 3 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
112935158  PLPP1; phospholipid phosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
112935627  PLPP2; phospholipid phosphatase 2 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
112924085  F2; prothrombin [KO:K01313] [EC:3.4.21.5]
112927331  AGT; angiotensinogen [KO:K09821]
112930034  AVP; vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin [KO:K05242]
112909246  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
112932806  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
112919743  F2R; proteinase-activated receptor 1 [KO:K03914]
112919501  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
112910760  GRM2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04605]
112935086  GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 [KO:K04606]
112913904  GRM4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04607]
112932312  GRM5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
112932477  GRM6; metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
112913297  metabotropic glutamate receptor 7-like [KO:K04609]
112933712  GRM7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 [KO:K04609]
112928891  GRM8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
112922203  AVPR1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vasopressin V1a receptor [KO:K04226]
112914367  AVPR1B; vasopressin V1b receptor [KO:K04227]
112911486  AVPR2; vasopressin V2 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04228]
112923052  LPAR1; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 [KO:K04289]
112912747  LPAR2; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04291]
112924485  LPAR3; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 [KO:K04294]
112909196  LPAR4; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 [KO:K04275]
112917350  LPAR5; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 [KO:K08390]
112933949  LPAR6; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 [KO:K04273]
112924471  PTGFR; prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor [KO:K04262]
112922479  C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2-like [KO:K04175]
112922564  C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 [KO:K05050]
112924037  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112930053  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112930054  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112919942  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112929357  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
112926788  PTK2B; protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta [KO:K05871] [EC:2.7.10.2]
112920734  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
112908560  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112924887  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
112924888  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
112920858  CYTH1; cytohesin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K18441]
112909966  CYTH3; cytohesin-3 [KO:K18441]
112929105  CYTH4; cytohesin-4 [KO:K18441]
112931298  CYTH2; cytohesin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K18441]
112932168  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
112932169  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
112911455  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112934273  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112908545  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112926558  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112913504  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112921089  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112929565  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112915982  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112923266  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112921075  RAPGEF3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08014]
112916400  RAPGEF4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04351]
112927931  DNM1; dynamin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
112921874  DNM3; dynamin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
112908059  DNM2; dynamin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00416  Phosphatidate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00639  Prostaglandin F2alpha
C00681  1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:17245604
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Lopez de Jesus M, Schmidt M
  Title
Phospholipase D signaling: orchestration by PIP2 and small GTPases.
  Journal
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 374:399-411 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00210-007-0131-4
Reference
PMID:21936578
  Authors
Selvy PE, Lavieri RR, Lindsley CW, Brown HA
  Title
Phospholipase D: enzymology, functionality, and chemical modulation.
  Journal
Chem Rev 111:6064-119 (2011)
DOI:10.1021/cr200296t
Reference
PMID:24995811
  Authors
Brandenburg LO, Pufe T, Koch T
  Title
Role of phospholipase d in g-protein coupled receptor function.
  Journal
Membranes (Basel) 4:302-18 (2014)
DOI:10.3390/membranes4030302
Reference
PMID:17054901
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M
  Title
Dynamic phospholipid signaling by G protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1768:888-900 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.012
Reference
PMID:24990952
  Authors
Foster DA, Salloum D, Menon D, Frias MA
  Title
Phospholipase D and the maintenance of phosphatidic acid levels for regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
  Journal
J Biol Chem 289:22583-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R114.566091
Reference
PMID:16143829
  Authors
Jenkins GM, Frohman MA
  Title
Phospholipase D: a lipid centric review.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 62:2305-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5195-z
Reference
PMID:19815110
  Authors
Metcalfe DD, Peavy RD, Gilfillan AM
  Title
Mechanisms of mast cell signaling in anaphylaxis.
  Journal
J Allergy Clin Immunol 124:639-46; quiz 647-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.035
Reference
PMID:18936782
  Authors
Kalesnikoff J, Galli SJ
  Title
New developments in mast cell biology.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 9:1215-23 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/ni.f.216
Reference
PMID:12217395
  Authors
Cockcroft S, Way G, O'Luanaigh N, Pardo R, Sarri E, Fensome A
  Title
Signalling role for ARF and phospholipase D in mast cell exocytosis stimulated by crosslinking of the high affinity FcepsilonR1 receptor.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 38:1277-82 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00075-5
Reference
PMID:19410013
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim KL, Jang JH, Choi YS, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The roles of phospholipase D in EGFR signaling.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:862-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.04.007
Reference
PMID:16622417
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim IS, Park JB, Lee MN, Lee HY, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The phox homology domain of phospholipase D activates dynamin GTPase activity and accelerates EGFR endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 8:477-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/ncb1401
Reference
PMID:14769825
  Authors
Kam Y, Exton JH
  Title
Role of phospholipase D1 in the regulation of mTOR activity by lysophosphatidic acid.
  Journal
FASEB J 18:311-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1096/fj.03-0731com
Reference
PMID:9310372
  Authors
Kozawa O, Blume-Jensen P, Heldin CH, Ronnstrand L
  Title
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase in stem-cell-factor-induced phospholipase D activation and arachidonic acid release.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 248:149-55 (1997)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00149.x
Reference
PMID:11042115
  Authors
Slaaby R, Du G, Altshuller YM, Frohman MA, Seedorf K
  Title
Insulin-induced phospholipase D1 and phospholipase D2 activity in human embryonic kidney-293 cells mediated by the phospholipase C gamma and protein kinase C alpha signalling cascade.
  Journal
Biochem J 351 Pt 3:613-9 (2000)
DOI:10.1042/bj3510613
Reference
PMID:11991733
  Authors
Fahimi-Vahid M, Gosau N, Michalek C, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M, Roberts N, Avkiran M, Wieland T
  Title
Distinct signaling pathways mediate cardiomyocyte phospholipase D stimulation by endothelin-1 and thrombin.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 34:441-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1006/jmcc.2002.1525
Reference
PMID:10666319
  Authors
Freeman EJ
  Title
The Ang II-induced growth of vascular smooth muscle cells involves a phospholipase D-mediated signaling mechanism.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 374:363-70 (2000)
DOI:10.1006/abbi.1999.1608
Reference
PMID:9119890
  Authors
Naro F, Donchenko V, Minotti S, Zolla L, Molinaro M, Adamo S
  Title
Role of phospholipase C and D signalling pathways in vasopressin-dependent myogenic differentiation.
  Journal
J Cell Physiol 171:34-42 (1997)
DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199704)171:1<34::AID-JCP5>3.0.CO;2-I
Reference
PMID:10807766
  Authors
Murdoch C, Finn A
  Title
Chemokine receptors and their role in inflammation and infectious diseases.
  Journal
Blood 95:3032-43 (2000)
Reference
PMID:8135758
  Authors
Sugiyama T, Sakai T, Nozawa Y, Oka N
  Title
Prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated phospholipase D activation in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells: involvement in sustained 1,2-diacylglycerol production.
  Journal
Biochem J 298 ( Pt 2):479-84 (1994)
DOI:10.1042/bj2980479
Reference
PMID:17210675
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Regulation of mTOR by phosphatidic acid?
  Journal
Cancer Res 67:1-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3016
Reference
PMID:15310762
  Authors
Delon C, Manifava M, Wood E, Thompson D, Krugmann S, Pyne S, Ktistakis NT
  Title
Sphingosine kinase 1 is an intracellular effector of phosphatidic acid.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:44763-74 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M405771200
Reference
PMID:23076158
  Authors
Park JB, Lee CS, Jang JH, Ghim J, Kim YJ, You S, Hwang D, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
Phospholipase signalling networks in cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 12:782-92 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3379
Reference
PMID:19264150
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Phosphatidic acid signaling to mTOR: signals for the survival of human cancer cells.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:949-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.009
Related
pathway
vvp00561  Glycerolipid metabolism
vvp04010  MAPK signaling pathway
vvp04014  Ras signaling pathway
vvp04020  Calcium signaling pathway
vvp04024  cAMP signaling pathway
vvp04071  Sphingolipid signaling pathway
vvp04144  Endocytosis
vvp04150  mTOR signaling pathway
vvp04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
vvp04664  Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04072   
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