KEGG   PATHWAY: alz00260
Entry
alz00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Alteromonas sp. Mac2
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
alz00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
alz00260

Module
alz_M00018  Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:alz00260]
alz_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:alz00260]
alz_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:alz00260]
alz_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:alz00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Alteromonas sp. Mac2 [GN:alz]
Gene
AV940_03790  lysine-sensitive aspartokinase 3 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
AV940_15305  thrA; bifunctional aspartokinase I/homoserine dehydrogenase I [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
AV940_12180  aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
AV940_08455  aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
AV940_15300  homoserine kinase [KO:K00872] [EC:2.7.1.39]
AV940_15295  threonine synthase [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
AV940_00520  glyA; serine hydroxymethyltransferase [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
AV940_12865  glyA; serine hydroxymethyltransferase [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
AV940_05140  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
AV940_19370  glycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00018] [EC:1.1.1.29]
AV940_15535  hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
AV940_01770  gpmA; phosphoglyceromutase [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
AV940_05930  kinase [KO:K15918] [EC:2.7.1.31]
AV940_14875  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
AV940_05635  3-phosphoserine/phosphohydroxythreonine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
AV940_12895  SerB protein [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
AV940_00330  glycine C-acetyltransferase [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
AV940_00335  tdh; L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase [KO:K00060] [EC:1.1.1.103]
AV940_14750  glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring) [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
AV940_14760  gcvT; glycine cleavage system protein T [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
AV940_14935  dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
AV940_14755  glycine cleavage system protein H [KO:K02437]
AV940_11820  FAD-dependent oxidoreductase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
AV940_12720  CDP-diacylglycerol--serine O-phosphatidyltransferase [KO:K17103] [EC:2.7.8.8]
AV940_10705  choline dehydrogenase [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
AV940_10710  betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
AV940_00505  Rieske (2Fe-2S) protein [KO:K00479] [EC:1.14.13.251]
AV940_00515  hybrid-cluster NAD(P)-dependent oxidoreductase [KO:K21832] [EC:1.14.13.251]
AV940_00485  N-methylproline demethylase [KO:K21833] [EC:1.5.7.3]
AV940_00470  hypothetical protein [KO:K25961]
AV940_00535  sarcosine oxidase subunit alpha [KO:K00302] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
AV940_00525  sarcosine oxidase subunit beta [KO:K00303] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
AV940_00540  sarcosine oxidase subunit gamma [KO:K00305] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
AV940_00530  sarcosine oxidase subunit delta [KO:K00304] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
AV940_00560  serine dehydratase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
AV940_05075  serine dehydratase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
AV940_19295  threonine dehydratase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
AV940_16800  threonine dehydratase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
AV940_19190  aspartate racemase [KO:K25316] [EC:5.1.1.10]
AV940_08155  tryptophan synthase subunit alpha [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
AV940_08150  tryptophan synthase subunit beta [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
alz00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
alz00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
alz00230  Purine metabolism
alz00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
alz00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
alz00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
alz00300  Lysine biosynthesis
alz00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
alz00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
alz00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
alz00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
alz00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
alz00620  Pyruvate metabolism
alz00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
alz00640  Propanoate metabolism
alz00680  Methane metabolism
alz00860  Porphyrin metabolism
alz00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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