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Entry Name Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Description Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:
M00020 ], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:
M00018 ].
Class Metabolism; Amino acid metabolismBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map ko00260 Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Module M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:ko00260 ]
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ko00260 ]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ko00260 ]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:ko00260 ]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:ko00260 ]
Other DBs Orthology K00281 GLDC, gcvP; glycine cleavage system P protein (glycine dehydrogenase) [EC:1.4.4.2 ]
K00282 gcvPA; glycine cleavage system P protein (glycine dehydrogenase) subunit 1 [EC:1.4.4.2 ]
K00283 gcvPB; glycine cleavage system P protein (glycine dehydrogenase) subunit 2 [EC:1.4.4.2 ]
K00309 dmg; dimethylglycine oxidase
K00544 BHMT; betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.5 ]
K00605 gcvT, AMT; glycine cleavage system T protein (aminomethyltransferase) [EC:2.1.2.10 ]
K00827 AGXT2; alanine-glyoxylate transaminase / (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate-pyruvate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40 ]
K00836 ectB, dat; diaminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.76 ]
K00998 pssA; CDP-diacylglycerol---serine O-phosphatidyltransferase [EC:2.7.8.8 ]
K01752 E4.3.1.17, sdaA, sdaB, tdcG; L-serine dehydratase [EC:4.3.1.17 ]
K01834 PGAM, gpmA; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.11 ]
K02437 gcvH, GCSH; glycine cleavage system H protein
K15633 gpmI; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.12 ]
K15634 gpmB; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.11 ]
K15635 apgM; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.12 ]
K15786 doeC; aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.-]
K16066 ydfG; 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase / malonic semialdehyde reductase [EC:1.1.1.381 1.1.1.-]
K17103 CHO1, pssA; CDP-diacylglycerol---serine O-phosphatidyltransferase [EC:2.7.8.8 ]
K21833 dgcA, ddhC; N,N-dimethylglycine/sarcosine dehydrogenase [EC:1.5.7.3 ]
K21834 dgcB; N,N-dimethylglycine/sarcosine dehydrogenase ferredoxin subunit
K24071 gsmt-sdmt; glycine/sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase
K25220 mtgB; glycine betaine---corrinoid protein Co-methyltransferase
K25316 racX, ygeA; amino-acid racemase
K25317 alr, bsrV; amino-acid racemase
K25528 ysaA; phosphoserine phosphatase
K25960 etfA; N,N-dimethylglycine/sarcosine catabolism electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha
K25961 etfB; N,N-dimethylglycine/sarcosine catabolism electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta
K28205 E2.6.1.52; phosphoserine transaminase
Compound C00143 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00441 L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C01242 [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C03508 L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C06442 N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C19929 N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference Authors Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
Title [Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
Journal Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference Authors Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
Title Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
Journal Reference Authors Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
Title Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
Journal Reference Authors Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
Title Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
Journal Reference Authors Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
Title The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
Journal Reference Authors Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
Title FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
Journal Reference Authors Rees WD, Hay SM
Title The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
Journal Reference Authors Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
Title Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
Journal Reference Authors Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
Title Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
Journal Related ko00010 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
ko00250 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
ko00270 Cysteine and methionine metabolism
ko00290 Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
ko00330 Arginine and proline metabolism
ko00564 Glycerophospholipid metabolism
ko00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
