Entry Name Olfactory transduction - Hylobates moloch (silvery gibbon)
Description Within the compact cilia of the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) a cascade of enzymatic activity transduces the binding of an odorant molecule to a receptor into an electrical signal that can be transmitted to the brain. Odorant molecules bind to a receptor protein (R) coupled to an olfactory specific Gs-protein (G) and activate a type III adenylyl cyclase (AC), increasing intracellular cAMP levels. cAMP targets an olfactory-specific cyclic-nucleotide gated ion channel (CNG), allowing cations, particularly Na and Ca, to flow down their electrochemical gradients into the cell, depolarizing the ORN. Furthermore, the Ca entering the cell is able to activate a Ca-activated Cl channel, which would allow Cl to flow out of the cell, thus further increasing the depolarization. Elevated intracellular Ca causes adaptation by at least two different molecular steps: inhibition of the activity of adenylyl cyclase via CAMKII-dependent phosphorylation and down-regulation of the affinity of the CNG channel to cAMP.
Class Organismal Systems; Sensory systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Hylobates moloch (silvery gibbon) [GN:
hmh ]
Gene 116459675 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
116462301 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
116463099 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X2 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
116468756 GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633 ]
116471714 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
116476593 CNGA4; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04951 ]
116480961 PDE1B; dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
116483152 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
116483394 CNGA3; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3 [KO:K04950 ]
116484935 SLC24A4; sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4 isoform X1 [KO:K13752 ]
116810579 PDE1A; dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A isoform X3 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
116812488 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
116812584 PDE1C; dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C isoform X5 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
116812793 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
Compound Reference Authors Kaupp UB
Title Olfactory signalling in vertebrates and insects: differences and commonalities.
Journal Reference Authors Peterlin Z, Firestein S, Rogers ME
Title The state of the art of odorant receptor deorphanization: a report from the orphanage.
Journal Reference Authors Kato A, Touhara K
Title Mammalian olfactory receptors: pharmacology, G protein coupling and desensitization.
Journal Reference Authors Firestein S.
Title How the olfactory system makes sense of scents.
Journal Reference Authors Ache BW, Young JM.
Title Olfaction: diverse species, conserved principles.
Journal Reference Authors Zufall F, Leinders-Zufall T.
Title The cellular and molecular basis of odor adaptation.
Journal Reference Authors Lodovichi C, Belluscio L
Title Odorant receptors in the formation of the olfactory bulb circuitry.
Journal Reference Authors Kohout TA, Lefkowitz RJ.
Title Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases and arrestins during receptor desensitization.
Journal Reference Authors De Palo G, Boccaccio A, Miri A, Menini A, Altafini C
Title A dynamical feedback model for adaptation in the olfactory transduction pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Zufall F, Munger SD
Title Receptor guanylyl cyclases in mammalian olfactory function.
Journal Reference Authors Duda T, Sharma RK
Title Ca2+-modulated ONE-GC odorant signal transduction.
Journal Related KO pathway
