KEGG   PATHWAY: mmu04721
Entry
mmu04721                    Pathway                                
Name
Synaptic vesicle cycle - Mus musculus (house mouse)
Description
Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
mmu04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
mmu04721

Other DBs
GO: 0016079 0048488
Organism
Mus musculus (house mouse) [GN:mmu]
Gene
22348  Slc32a1; solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter), member 1 [KO:K15015]
110877  Slc18a1; solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 1 [KO:K08155]
214084  Slc18a2; solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2 [KO:K08155]
20508  Slc18a3; solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 3 [KO:K14636]
140919  Slc17a6; solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 6 [KO:K12302]
216227  Slc17a8; solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 8 [KO:K12302]
72961  Slc17a7; solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 7 [KO:K12302]
20979  Syt1; synaptotagmin I [KO:K15290]
22318  Vamp2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
19339  Rab3a; RAB3A, member RAS oncogene family [KO:K07882]
116837  Rims1; regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1 [KO:K15291]
20907  Stx1a; syntaxin 1A (brain) [KO:K04560]
13852  Stx2; syntaxin 2 [KO:K08486]
20908  Stx3; syntaxin 3 [KO:K08486]
56216  Stx1b; syntaxin 1B [KO:K08486]
20910  Stxbp1; syntaxin binding protein 1 [KO:K15292]
22249  Unc13b; unc-13 homolog B [KO:K15293]
208898  Unc13c; unc-13 homolog C [KO:K15293]
382018  Unc13a; unc-13 homolog A [KO:K15293]
20614  Snap25; synaptosomal-associated protein 25 [KO:K18211]
12889  Cplx1; complexin 1 [KO:K15294]
12890  Cplx2; complexin 2 [KO:K15294]
235415  Cplx3; complexin 3 [KO:K15295]
225644  Cplx4; complexin 4 [KO:K15295]
12286  Cacna1a; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit [KO:K04344]
12287  Cacna1b; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit [KO:K04849]
18195  Nsf; N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
108124  Napa; N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment protein alpha [KO:K15296]
13429  Dnm1; dynamin 1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
103967  Dnm3; dynamin 3 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
13430  Dnm2; dynamin 2 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
12757  Clta; clathrin light chain A [KO:K04644]
74325  Cltb; clathrin light chain B [KO:K04645]
67300  Cltc; clathrin heavy chain [KO:K04646]
11772  Ap2a2; adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 2 subunit [KO:K11824]
11771  Ap2a1; adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1 subunit [KO:K11824]
71770  Ap2b1; adaptor-related protein complex 2, beta 1 subunit [KO:K11825]
11773  Ap2m1; adaptor-related protein complex 2, mu 1 subunit [KO:K11826]
232910  Ap2s1; adaptor-related protein complex 2, sigma 1 subunit [KO:K11827]
11964  Atp6v1a; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit A [KO:K02145] [EC:7.1.2.2]
11966  Atp6v1b2; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit B2 [KO:K02147]
110935  Atp6v1b1; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit B1 [KO:K02147]
66335  Atp6v1c1; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit C1 [KO:K02148]
68775  Atp6v1c2; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit C2 [KO:K02148]
73834  Atp6v1d; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit D [KO:K02149]
11973  Atp6v1e1; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit E1 [KO:K02150]
74915  Atp6v1e2; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit E2 [KO:K02150]
66144  Atp6v1f; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit F [KO:K02151]
66237  Atp6v1g2; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit G2 [KO:K02152]
66290  Atp6v1g1; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit G1 [KO:K02152]
338375  Atp6v1g3; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit G3 [KO:K02152]
11974  Atp6v0e; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit E [KO:K02153]
76252  Atp6v0e2; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit E2 [KO:K02153]
11975  Atp6v0a1; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A1 [KO:K02154]
21871  Atp6v0a2; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A2 [KO:K02154]
27060  Tcirg1; T cell, immune regulator 1, ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 protein A3 [KO:K02154]
140494  Atp6v0a4; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4 [KO:K02154]
11972  Atp6v0d1; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D1 [KO:K02146]
242341  Atp6v0d2; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D2 [KO:K02146]
108664  Atp6v1h; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit H [KO:K02144]
11984  Atp6v0c; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit C [KO:K02155]
114143  Atp6v0b; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit B [KO:K03661]
232333  Slc6a1; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), member 1 [KO:K05034]
20538  Slc6a2; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2 [KO:K05035]
13162  Slc6a3; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3 [KO:K05036]
15567  Slc6a4; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4 [KO:K05037]
104245  Slc6a5; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, glycine), member 5 [KO:K05038]
14664  Slc6a9; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, glycine), member 9 [KO:K05038]
240332  Slc6a7; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, L-proline), member 7 [KO:K05040]
243616  Slc6a11; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), member 11 [KO:K05044]
14411  Slc6a12; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, betaine/GABA), member 12 [KO:K05045]
14412  Slc6a13; solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), member 13 [KO:K05046]
20510  Slc1a1; solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 [KO:K05612]
20511  Slc1a2; solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2 [KO:K05613]
20512  Slc1a3; solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3 [KO:K05614]
20513  Slc1a6; solute carrier family 1 (high affinity aspartate/glutamate transporter), member 6 [KO:K05617]
242607  Slc1a7; solute carrier family 1 (glutamate transporter), member 7 [KO:K05618]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00388  Histamine
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00780  Serotonin
C01996  Acetylcholine
C03758  Dopamine
C16041  Leu-enkephalin
Reference
PMID:12827282
  Authors
Li L, Chin LS
  Title
The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 60:942-60 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-003-2240-7
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
PMID:18275379
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
  Journal
Annu Rev Biochem 77:615-41 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062005.101135
Reference
PMID:10212473
  Authors
Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
  Title
Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
  Journal
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354:243-57 (1999)
DOI:10.1098/rstb.1999.0376
Reference
PMID:20634814
  Authors
de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 10:568-79 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nri2803
Reference
PMID:17767192
  Authors
Carr CM, Munson M
  Title
Tag team action at the synapse.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 8:834-8 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.7401051
Reference
PMID:15217342
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509-47 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131412
Reference
PMID:12563290
  Authors
Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
  Title
Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:127-39 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1016
Reference
PMID:16990140
  Authors
Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell 126:1175-87 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.030
Reference
PMID:12094216
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:498-508 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrm855
Reference
PMID:7791897
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
  Journal
Nature 375:645-53 (1995)
DOI:10.1038/375645a0
Reference
PMID:12154365
  Authors
Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:641-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn898
Reference
PMID:18726177
  Authors
Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
  Title
Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 65:2814-32 (2008)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-008-8352-3
Related
pathway
mmu04144  Endocytosis
mmu04724  Glutamatergic synapse
mmu04725  Cholinergic synapse
mmu04726  Serotonergic synapse
mmu04727  GABAergic synapse
mmu04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04721   
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