KEGG   PATHWAY: oor04721
Entry
oor04721                    Pathway                                
Name
Synaptic vesicle cycle - Orcinus orca (killer whale)
Description
Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
oor04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
oor04721

Other DBs
GO: 0016079 0048488
Organism
Orcinus orca (killer whale) [GN:oor]
Gene
101269939  AP2A1; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
101270771  ATP6V1G2; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02152]
101270968  AP2M1; AP-2 complex subunit mu [KO:K11826]
101271026  ATP6V1A; V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A [KO:K02145] [EC:7.1.2.2]
101271351  DNM3; dynamin-3 isoform X6 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
101271452  TCIRG1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 3 isoform X2 [KO:K02154]
101271528  ATP6V1C1; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 [KO:K02148]
101271760  ATP6V0C; V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit c isoform X1 [KO:K02155]
101272293  SLC6A7; sodium-dependent proline transporter isoform X2 [KO:K05040]
101272416  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849]
101272697  SNAP25; synaptosomal-associated protein 25 isoform X1 [KO:K18211]
101272922  SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K05614]
101273299  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
101273849  CPLX4; complexin-4 [KO:K15295]
101273862  NAPA; alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein isoform X2 [KO:K15296]
101275163  ATP6V1E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 [KO:K02150]
101275185  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
101275337  DNM1; dynamin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
101275449  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
101275598  CLTA; clathrin light chain A isoform X4 [KO:K04644]
101275648  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05613]
101275783  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
101275901  ATP6V1E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2 [KO:K02150]
101276222  SLC6A2; sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter isoform X2 [KO:K05035]
101276659  CPLX1; complexin-1 [KO:K15294]
101276854  [KO:K11826]
101276894  SLC6A5; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 [KO:K05038]
101276929  SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 [KO:K12302]
101277349  ATP6V1F; V-type proton ATPase subunit F [KO:K02151]
101277509  AP2S1; AP-2 complex subunit sigma isoform X1 [KO:K11827]
101278204  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 [KO:K12302]
101278645  SYT1; synaptotagmin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K15290]
101278655  SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K05618]
101278814  ATP6V0E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1 [KO:K02153]
101278879  ATP6V1G3; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 [KO:K02152]
101279144  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter isoform X1 [KO:K15015]
101279274  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
101279405  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X2 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
101279410  SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 [KO:K05617]
101280222  SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
101280514  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
101280552  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
101280592  RAB3A; ras-related protein Rab-3A [KO:K07882]
101281033  ATP6V1D; V-type proton ATPase subunit D isoform X1 [KO:K02149]
101281074  STX1A; syntaxin-1A [KO:K04560]
101281266  DNM2; dynamin-2 isoform X6 [KO:K23484]
101281493  [KO:K11825]
101281682  AP2A2; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
101282169  ATP6V1B1; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, kidney isoform [KO:K02147]
101282216  STXBP1; syntaxin-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K15292]
101282363  ATP6V0A1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 1 isoform X2 [KO:K02154]
101282573  ATP6V0A4; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 4 [KO:K02154]
101282655  CPLX2; complexin-2 [KO:K15294]
101283354  STX2; syntaxin-2 isoform X2 [KO:K08486]
101283553  ATP6V0E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 2 [KO:K02153]
101283671  ATP6V1H; V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform X1 [KO:K02144]
101283822  STX1B; syntaxin-1B [KO:K08486]
101283887  CLTB; clathrin light chain B isoform X3 [KO:K04645]
101284562  SLC6A9; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05038]
101284918  CLTC; clathrin heavy chain 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04646]
101284941  UNC13A; protein unc-13 homolog A [KO:K15293]
101285599  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
101285773  ATP6V1G1; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 [KO:K02152]
101285856  ATP6V1B2; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform [KO:K02147]
101286170  ATP6V0B; V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit c'' [KO:K03661]
101287369  AP2B1; AP-2 complex subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K11825]
101288075  CPLX3; complexin-3 [KO:K15295]
101288490  ATP6V0D2; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02146]
101289039  STX3; syntaxin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K08486]
101289059  SLC6A4; sodium-dependent serotonin transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05037]
101289142  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
101289168  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
101289177  ATP6V0A2; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 2 isoform X2 [KO:K02154]
101289188  ATP6V0D1; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02146]
101290145  UNC13C; protein unc-13 homolog C [KO:K15293]
101290296  RIMS1; regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 isoform X27 [KO:K15291]
101290381  UNC13B; protein unc-13 homolog B isoform X12 [KO:K15293]
101290394  ATP6V1C2; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02148]
117196683  [KO:K02153]
117198865  [KO:K02153]
117201271  [KO:K02153]
117203712  [KO:K02153]
125960266  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00388  Histamine
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00780  Serotonin
C01996  Acetylcholine
C03758  Dopamine
C16041  Leu-enkephalin
Reference
PMID:12827282
  Authors
Li L, Chin LS
  Title
The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 60:942-60 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-003-2240-7
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
PMID:18275379
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
  Journal
Annu Rev Biochem 77:615-41 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062005.101135
Reference
PMID:10212473
  Authors
Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
  Title
Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
  Journal
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354:243-57 (1999)
DOI:10.1098/rstb.1999.0376
Reference
PMID:20634814
  Authors
de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 10:568-79 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nri2803
Reference
PMID:17767192
  Authors
Carr CM, Munson M
  Title
Tag team action at the synapse.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 8:834-8 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.7401051
Reference
PMID:15217342
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509-47 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131412
Reference
PMID:12563290
  Authors
Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
  Title
Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:127-39 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1016
Reference
PMID:16990140
  Authors
Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell 126:1175-87 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.030
Reference
PMID:12094216
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:498-508 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrm855
Reference
PMID:7791897
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
  Journal
Nature 375:645-53 (1995)
DOI:10.1038/375645a0
Reference
PMID:12154365
  Authors
Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:641-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn898
Reference
PMID:18726177
  Authors
Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
  Title
Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 65:2814-32 (2008)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-008-8352-3
Related
pathway
oor04144  Endocytosis
oor04724  Glutamatergic synapse
oor04725  Cholinergic synapse
oor04726  Serotonergic synapse
oor04727  GABAergic synapse
oor04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04721   

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