Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Orcinus orca (killer whale)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Orcinus orca (killer whale) [GN:
oor ]
Gene
101269186 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X7 [KO:K12470 ]
101269298 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
101269400 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X15 [KO:K12562 ]
101269477 CHMP6; charged multivesicular body protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K12195 ]
101269645 STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
101269825 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K12489 ]
101270289 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
101270424 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C isoform X2 [KO:K12185 ]
101270482 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
101270611 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
101270622 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
101270655 CHMP1A; charged multivesicular body protein 1a isoform X2 [KO:K12197 ]
101271298 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
101271583 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12489 ]
101271621 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X9 [KO:K12472 ]
101271802 ARPC2; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05758 ]
101271808 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12199 ]
101271954 IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05069 ]
101272056 CHMP4A; charged multivesicular body protein 4a isoform X1 [KO:K12194 ]
101272172 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X9 [KO:K18443 ]
101272210 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A isoform X1 [KO:K18466 ]
101272400 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12492 ]
101272954 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
101273069 TSG101; tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein isoform X2 [KO:K12183 ]
101273394 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
101273438 WIPF3; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K19475 ]
101273464 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X7 [KO:K12488 ]
101273686 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
101274048 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A [KO:K12185 ]
101274062 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X6 [KO:K12491 ]
101274459 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X2 [KO:K12200 ]
101274949 PSD2; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
101275474 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X11 [KO:K12491 ]
101275621 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
101275717 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K05068 ]
101275882 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X2 [KO:K09526 ]
101276485 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
101276718 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
101277263 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12489 ]
101277421 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
101277970 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18440 ]
101278143 RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
101278299 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
101278998 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
101279891 CAPZA2; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K10364 ]
101280167 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
101280193 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K12495 ]
101280320 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 isoform X1 [KO:K12190 ]
101280384 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
101280775 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X4 [KO:K12495 ]
101280883 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184 ]
101281081 RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 isoform X8 [KO:K12485 ]
101281703 CHMP2A; charged multivesicular body protein 2a isoform X2 [KO:K12191 ]
101281797 WASL; actin nucleation-promoting factor WASL isoform X2 [KO:K23612 ]
101281818 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
101282406 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
101282452 SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
101283103 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
101283313 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X3 [KO:K12485 ]
101283812 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
101283838 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K10365 ]
101283869 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
101284727 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X4 [KO:K12479 ]
101284851 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
101285143 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12482 ]
101285283 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 [KO:K18467 ]
101286033 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X2 [KO:K12472 ]
101286488 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X2 [KO:K06093 ]
101286595 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K12488 ]
101286657 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
101286718 IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K05070 ]
101286766 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 isoform X1 [KO:K18468 ]
101287206 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
101287654 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
101287684 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X2 [KO:K04679 ]
101288074 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
101288165 RAB11FIP5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: rab11 family-interacting protein 5 [KO:K12484 ]
101288617 PARD6B; partitioning defective 6 homolog beta isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
101289648 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X3 [KO:K12196 ]
101289683 WIPF2; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 2 isoform X4 [KO:K19475 ]
101290419 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K12493 ]
101290441 PSD4; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
oor04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
oor04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
oor04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway