Entry Name Type I diabetes mellitus - Colobus angolensis palliatus (Angola colobus)
Description Type I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and presented in a complex with MHC-II molecules on the surface of the APC. Then immunogenic signals from APC activate CD4+ T cells, predominantly of the Th1 subset. Antigen-activated Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFNgamma. They activate macrophages and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and these effector cells may kill islet beta-cells by one or both of two types of mechanisms: (1) direct interactions of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells with a beta-cell autoantigen-MHC-I complex on the beta-cell, and (2) non-specific inflammatory mediators, such as free radicals/oxidants and cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha, TNFbeta, IFNgamma).
Class Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic diseaseBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Colobus angolensis palliatus (Angola colobus) [GN:
cang ]
Gene 105501359 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105501360 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105501361 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
105502761 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105513785 mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105513786 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-10 beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105513788 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-9 beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105513789 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105513790 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105513791 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
105513797 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105513798 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105513800 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105513801 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
105513802 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
105514240 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
105514272 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
105514273 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
105518008 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
105517383 CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 isoform X1 [KO:K06470 ]
105513804 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-14 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
105513823 mamu class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
105513934 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0101 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
105513935 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-14 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
105513936 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-15 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
105513982 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: patr class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E-like [KO:K06751 ]
105513984 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: patr class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E [KO:K06751 ]
105513986 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-67 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
105513995 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histocompatibility antigen-related [KO:K06751 ]
105526354 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389 ]
105515921 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
Compound Reference Authors Rabinovitch A, Suarez-Pinzon WL.
Title Cytokines and their roles in pancreatic islet beta-cell destruction and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Journal Reference Authors Cox NJ, Wapelhorst B, Morrison VA, Johnson L, Pinchuk L, Spielman RS, Todd JA, Concannon P
Title Seven regions of the genome show evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes in a consensus analysis of 767 multiplex families.
Journal Reference Authors Davies JL, Kawaguchi Y, Bennett ST, Copeman JB, Cordell HJ, Pritchard LE, Reed PW, Gough SC, Jenkins SC, Palmer SM, et al.
Title A genome-wide search for human type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes.
Journal Reference Authors Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Kawaguchi Y, Yamato E, Takekawa K, Nakagawa Y, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Shima K, Ogihara T.
Title Class I HLA is associated with age-at-onset of IDDM, while class II HLA confers susceptibility to IDDM.
Journal Reference Authors Jaeckel E, Klein L, Martin-Orozco N, von Boehmer H.
Title Normal incidence of diabetes in NOD mice tolerant to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
Journal Reference Authors Nakayama M, Abiru N, Moriyama H, Babaya N, Liu E, Miao D, Yu L, Wegmann DR, Hutton JC, Elliott JF, Eisenbarth GS.
Title Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.
Journal Reference Authors Kent SC, Chen Y, Bregoli L, Clemmings SM, Kenyon NS, Ricordi C, Hering BJ, Hafler DA.
Title Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize an insulin epitope.
Journal Reference Authors Lieberman SM, DiLorenzo TP.
Title A comprehensive guide to antibody and T-cell responses in type 1 diabetes.
Journal Reference Authors Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC.
Title Granzyme B: a natural born killer.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
