Entry
Name
Plant-pathogen interaction - Juglans regia (English walnut)
Description
Plants lack animal-like adaptive immunity mechanisms, and therefore have evolved a specific system with multiple layers against invading pathogens. The primary response includes the perception of pathogens by cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and is referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Activation of FLS2 and EFR triggers MAPK signaling pathway that activates defense genes for antimictobial compounds. The increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is also a regulator for production of reactive oxygen species and localized programmed cell death/hypersensitive response. The secondary response is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pathogens can acquire the ability to suppress PTI by directly injecting effector proteins into the plant cell through secretion systems. In addition, pathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to evade host immune responses using coronatine toxin. Some plants possess specific intracellular surveillance proteins (R proteins) to monitor the presence of pathogen virulence proteins. This ETI occurs with localized programmed cell death to arrest pathogen growth, resulting in cultivar-specific disease resistance.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Juglans regia (English walnut) [GN:
jre ]
Gene
108997461 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
108990039 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C-like isoform X1 [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
108991095 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein E [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
108997479 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein A-like [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
109021188 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein A-like [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
109012719 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein B [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
109006697 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C-like [KO:K13447 ] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
108993202 probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 20, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
108985911 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
108982810 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
109012085 probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 20, chloroplastic [KO:K05391 ]
109018987 putative cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 13 isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
109020159 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
108996469 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05391 ]
109000931 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI5-like [KO:K13433 ]
109004409 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI5-like [KO:K13433 ]
108996915 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI6-like [KO:K13434 ]
109002411 pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator PTI6-like [KO:K13434 ]
108998661 cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein RAR1 [KO:K13458 ]
109021801 probable disease resistance protein At4g27220 isoform X1 [KO:K13459 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Zipfel C
Title
Pattern-recognition receptors in plant innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chinchilla D, Shan L, He P, de Vries S, Kemmerling B
Title
One for all: the receptor-associated kinase BAK1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boller T, He SY
Title
Innate immunity in plants: an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ma W, Smigel A, Verma R, Berkowitz GA
Title
Cyclic nucleotide gated channels and related signaling components in plant innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Asai T, Tena G, Plotnikova J, Willmann MR, Chiu WL, Gomez-Gomez L, Boller T, Ausubel FM, Sheen J
Title
MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zipfel C, Felix G
Title
Plants and animals: a different taste for microbes?
Journal
Reference
Authors
He P, Shan L, Sheen J
Title
Elicitation and suppression of microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in plant-microbe interactions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Wit PJ
Title
How plants recognize pathogens and defend themselves.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chisholm ST, Coaker G, Day B, Staskawicz BJ
Title
Host-microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response.
Journal
Reference
Authors
McHale L, Tan X, Koehl P, Michelmore RW
Title
Plant NBS-LRR proteins: adaptable guards.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dangl JL, Jones JD
Title
Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jones JD, Dangl JL
Title
The plant immune system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
da Cunha L, McFall AJ, Mackey D
Title
Innate immunity in plants: a continuum of layered defenses.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mudgett MB
Title
New insights to the function of phytopathogenic bacterial type III effectors in plants.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ma W, Berkowitz GA
Title
The grateful dead: calcium and cell death in plant innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schulze-Lefert P
Title
Plant immunity: the origami of receptor activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Van der Biezen EA, Jones JD
Title
Plant disease-resistance proteins and the gene-for-gene concept.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Abramovitch RB, Anderson JC, Martin GB
Title
Bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs