KEGG   PATHWAY: soe00480
Entry
soe00480                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutathione metabolism - Spinacia oleracea (spinach)
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids
Pathway map
soe00480  Glutathione metabolism
soe00480

Module
soe_M00118  Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:soe00480]
Other DBs
GO: 0006749
Organism
Spinacia oleracea (spinach) [GN:soe]
Gene
110779252  glutathione hydrolase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
110783915  gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2-1 [KO:K22596] [EC:4.3.2.9]
110797987  gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2-3 [KO:K22596] [EC:4.3.2.9]
110793468  5-oxoprolinase 1 [KO:K01469] [EC:3.5.2.9]
110778663  glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
110789913  glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
110784672  leucine aminopeptidase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K01255] [EC:3.4.11.1]
110787124  leucine aminopeptidase 1-like [KO:K01255] [EC:3.4.11.1]
110800616  puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase-like [KO:K01256] [EC:3.4.11.2]
110784969  puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase-like [KO:K01256] [EC:3.4.11.2]
130467793  puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01256] [EC:3.4.11.2]
110793605  uncharacterized protein LOC110793605 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110787551  glutathione transferase GST 23-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110799319  glutathione S-transferase U9-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110799330  glutathione S-transferase U10-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110799340  glutathione S-transferase U9-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110799348  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutathione S-transferase U10-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110799355  glutathione S-transferase U9-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110795460  glutathione S-transferase-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110795462  glutathione S-transferase F13 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110795497  probable glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110786282  glutathione S-transferase PARB-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110798671  glutathione S-transferase U9-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110805611  probable glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110805617  probable glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110806183  glutathione S-transferase T1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110800351  protein IN2-1 homolog B-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110805638  probable glutathione S-transferase parC [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110805792  glutathione S-transferase U8-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110792758  glutathione S-transferase L3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110778056  glutathione S-transferase T1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110778516  protein IN2-1 homolog B-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110778518  glutathione S-transferase T1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110778522  glutathione S-transferase T1-like isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110779260  probable glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110780924  glutathione S-transferase F11-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110779934  glutathione S-transferase U17-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110787078  glutathione S-transferase U8-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110803991  probable glutathione S-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110795427  glutathione S-transferase-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110795428  glutathione S-transferase-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110795429  glutathione S-transferase PARB-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
130463909  glutathione S-transferase U7-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
110799104  glutathione S-transferase DHAR3, chloroplastic [KO:K21888] [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18]
110774995  glutathione S-transferase DHAR2-like [KO:K21888] [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18]
110804376  glutathione reductase, chloroplastic [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
110783828  glutathione reductase, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
110786727  isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]-like [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
110801972  isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
110782339  isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]-like [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
110804151  phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)-dependent, decarboxylating) 1 [KO:K00033] [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343]
110778317  phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)-dependent, decarboxylating) 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00033] [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343]
110785727  glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, chloroplastic [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
110799974  glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 6, cytoplasmic-like [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
110792805  inactive glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 4, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
110805440  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, chloroplastic [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
110805842  probable phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
110778554  probable phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
110778590  probable glutathione peroxidase 8 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
110777225  probable phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
110779424  1-Cys peroxiredoxin [KO:K11188] [EC:1.11.1.7 1.11.1.27 3.1.1.-]
110782929  spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
110780273  spermine synthase isoform X1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
110795889  spermidine synthase-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
130469301  spermine synthase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
110802362  L-ascorbate peroxidase 3-like [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
110797270  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: probable L-ascorbate peroxidase 6, chloroplastic/mitochondrial [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
110786989  L-ascorbate peroxidase, cytosolic-like [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
110802381  L-ascorbate peroxidase 3-like [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
110790239  L-ascorbate peroxidase, cytosolic [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
110778432  L-ascorbate peroxidase 3 [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
110790627  L-ascorbate peroxidase 3-like [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
110788379  putative L-ascorbate peroxidase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
110790631  L-ascorbate peroxidase 3-like [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
110792679  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit-like [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
110794252  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
110783576  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain C [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
110784989  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain C-like [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
130469574  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain A-like [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
Compound
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00051  Glutathione
C00072  Ascorbate
C00077  L-Ornithine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00134  Putrescine
C00151  L-Amino acid
C00315  Spermidine
C00669  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
C00750  Spermine
C01322  RX
C01419  Cys-Gly
C01672  Cadaverine
C01879  5-Oxoproline
C02090  Trypanothione
C02320  R-S-Glutathione
C03170  Trypanothione disulfide
C03646  Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine
C03740  (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid
C05422  Dehydroascorbate
C05726  S-Substituted L-cysteine
C05727  S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine
C05729  R-S-Cysteinylglycine
C05730  Glutathionylspermidine
C16562  Glutathionylspermine
C16563  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine
C16564  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide
C16565  Aminopropylcadaverine
C16566  Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine
C16567  Homotrypanothione
C16568  Homotrypanothione disulfide
C16663  Tryparedoxin
C16664  Tryparedoxin disulfide
Reference
  Authors
Josch C, Klotz LO, Sies H.
  Title
Identification of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the major cysteinylglycine-hydrolysing activity in rat liver.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:213-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.023
Reference
  Authors
Chu L, Lai Y, Xu X, Eddy S, Yang S, Song L, Kolodrubetz D.
  Title
A 52-kDa leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 283:19351-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M801034200
Reference
  Authors
Cappiello M, Lazzarotti A, Buono F, Scaloni A, D'Ambrosio C, Amodeo P, Mendez BL, Pelosi P, Del Corso A, Mura U.
  Title
New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover.
  Journal
Biochem J 378:35-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20031336
Reference
  Authors
Suzuki H, Kamatani S, Kim ES, Kumagai H.
  Title
Aminopeptidases A, B, and N and dipeptidase D are the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 183:1489-90 (2001)
DOI:10.1128/JB.183.4.1489-1490.2001
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Shaw MP, Wyllie S, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 139:107-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.10.004
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Biochem J 364:679-86 (2002)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20011370
Reference
PMID:9677355
  Authors
Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:19383-90 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.31.19383
Reference
  Authors
Ariyanayagam MR, Oza SL, Mehlert A, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:27612-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M302750200
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Aitcheson N, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 131:25-33 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00176-2
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Tetaud E, Ariyanayagam MR, Warnon SS, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:35853-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M204403200
Reference
  Authors
Comini M, Menge U, Wissing J, Flohe L.
  Title
Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:6850-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M404486200
Reference
PMID:7813456
  Authors
Hunter KJ, Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Identification and biosynthesis of N1,N9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 226:1019-27 (1994)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.t01-1-01019.x
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Meiering SK, Schmidt H.
  Title
The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:539-49 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.062
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA.
  Title
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:1236-48 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.006
Reference
PMID:8892297
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Ludemann H.
  Title
Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 80:203-8 (1996)
DOI:10.1016/0166-6851(96)02689-8
Reference
  Authors
Dormeyer M, Reckenfelderbaumer N, Ludemann H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:10602-6 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M010352200
Reference
  Authors
Schmidt H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:46329-36 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M305338200
Reference
PMID:9851611
  Authors
Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 96:111-23 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00120-0
Reference
  Authors
Castro H, Sousa C, Santos M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Flohe L, Tomas AM.
  Title
Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 33:1552-62 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01089-4
Reference
  Authors
Wilkinson SR, Temperton NJ, Mondragon A, Kelly JM.
  Title
Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 275:8220-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8220
Reference
  Authors
Konig J, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:5643-58 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06087.x
Reference
  Authors
Hillebrand H, Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:6809-15 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M210392200
Reference
  Authors
Soksawatmaekhin W, Kuraishi A, Sakata K, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K.
  Title
Excretion and uptake of cadaverine by CadB and its physiological functions in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 51:1401-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03913.x
Reference
PMID:6798961
  Authors
Pegg AE, Shuttleworth K, Hibasami H.
  Title
Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase.
  Journal
Biochem J 197:315-20 (1981)
DOI:10.1042/bj1970315
Related
pathway
soe00220  Arginine biosynthesis
soe00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
soe00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
soe00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
soe00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
KO pathway
ko00480   
LinkDB

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