| Entry |
|
| Name |
Glutathione metabolism |
| Class |
Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids
|
| Pathway map |

|
| Module |
| M00118 | Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ko00480] |
|
| Other DBs |
|
| Orthology |
| K01270 | pepD; dipeptidase D [EC:3.4.13.-] |
| K01469 | OPLAH, OXP1, oplAH; 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) [EC:3.5.2.9] |
| K01581 | E4.1.1.17, ODC1, speC, speF; ornithine decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.17] |
| K01833 | TRYS; trypanothione synthetase/amidase [EC:6.3.1.9 3.5.1.-] |
| K03423 | E1.8.1.13; bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase |
| K05360 | TXNDC12; protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) [EC:1.8.4.2] |
| K05361 | GPX4; phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.12] |
| K06048 | gshA, ybdK; glutamate---cysteine ligase / carboxylate-amine ligase [EC:6.3.2.2 6.3.-.-] |
| K07160 | pxpA; 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) subunit A [EC:3.5.2.9] |
| K07232 | CHAC; glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase [EC:4.3.2.7] |
| K10807 | RRM1; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M1 [EC:1.17.4.1] |
| K10808 | RRM2; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 [EC:1.17.4.1] |
| K11185 | TRYP; cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase, trypanosomatid typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin [EC:1.11.1.-] |
| K11186 | MTRYP; mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase, trypanosomatid typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin [EC:1.11.1.-] |
| K11204 | GCLC; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [EC:6.3.2.2] |
| K11205 | GCLM; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit |
| K11207 | TDPX; glutathione peroxidase-type tryparedoxin peroxidase [EC:1.11.1.-] |
| K15428 | DUG1; Cys-Gly metallodipeptidase DUG1 [EC:3.4.13.-] |
| K23123 | pxpB; 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) subunit B |
| K23124 | pxpC; 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) subunit C |
| K23790 | GSTP; glutathione S-transferase P |
| K24034 | SPE3-LYS9; spermidine synthase / saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming) |
| K24136 | pgdX; glutathione-dependent peroxiredoxin |
| K24137 | PRX1; glutaredoxin/glutathione-dependent peroxiredoxin |
| K24138 | prx3; glutaredoxin/glutathione-dependent peroxiredoxin |
| K25210 | LANCL1; glutathione transferase |
|
| Compound |
| C00669 | gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine |
| C03170 | Trypanothione disulfide |
| C03646 | Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine |
| C03740 | (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid |
| C05726 | S-Substituted L-cysteine |
| C05727 | S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine |
| C16563 | Bis(glutathionyl)spermine |
| C16564 | Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide |
| C16566 | Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine |
| C16568 | Homotrypanothione disulfide |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Josch C, Klotz LO, Sies H. |
| Title |
Identification of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the major cysteinylglycine-hydrolysing activity in rat liver. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Chu L, Lai Y, Xu X, Eddy S, Yang S, Song L, Kolodrubetz D. |
| Title |
A 52-kDa leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Cappiello M, Lazzarotti A, Buono F, Scaloni A, D'Ambrosio C, Amodeo P, Mendez BL, Pelosi P, Del Corso A, Mura U. |
| Title |
New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Suzuki H, Kamatani S, Kim ES, Kumagai H. |
| Title |
Aminopeptidases A, B, and N and dipeptidase D are the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Oza SL, Shaw MP, Wyllie S, Fairlamb AH. |
| Title |
Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH. |
| Title |
Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH. |
| Title |
Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Ariyanayagam MR, Oza SL, Mehlert A, Fairlamb AH. |
| Title |
Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Aitcheson N, Fairlamb AH. |
| Title |
Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Oza SL, Tetaud E, Ariyanayagam MR, Warnon SS, Fairlamb AH. |
| Title |
A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Comini M, Menge U, Wissing J, Flohe L. |
| Title |
Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Hunter KJ, Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH. |
| Title |
Identification and biosynthesis of N1,N9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Krauth-Siegel RL, Meiering SK, Schmidt H. |
| Title |
The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA. |
| Title |
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Krauth-Siegel RL, Ludemann H. |
| Title |
Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Dormeyer M, Reckenfelderbaumer N, Ludemann H, Krauth-Siegel RL. |
| Title |
Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Schmidt H, Krauth-Siegel RL. |
| Title |
Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH. |
| Title |
Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Castro H, Sousa C, Santos M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Flohe L, Tomas AM. |
| Title |
Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Wilkinson SR, Temperton NJ, Mondragon A, Kelly JM. |
| Title |
Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Konig J, Fairlamb AH. |
| Title |
A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Hillebrand H, Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL. |
| Title |
A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Soksawatmaekhin W, Kuraishi A, Sakata K, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K. |
| Title |
Excretion and uptake of cadaverine by CadB and its physiological functions in Escherichia coli. |
| Journal |
|
| Reference |
|
| Authors |
Pegg AE, Shuttleworth K, Hibasami H. |
| Title |
Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase. |
| Journal |
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Related pathway |
| ko00250 | Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism |
| ko00270 | Cysteine and methionine metabolism |
| ko00430 | Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism |
|