KEGG PATHWAY: xla03450

PATHWAY: xla03450

Entry

xla03450                    Pathway

Name

Non-homologous end-joining - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)

Description

Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) eliminates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by direct ligation. NHEJ involves binding of the KU heterodimer to double-stranded DNA ends, recruitment of DNA-PKcs (MRX complex in yeast), processing of ends, and recruitment of the DNA ligase IV (LIG4)-XRCC4 complex, which brings about ligation. A recent study shows that bacteria accomplish NHEJ using just two proteins (Ku and DNA ligase), whereas eukaryotes require many factors. NHEJ repairs DSBs at all stages of the cell cycle, bringing about the ligation of two DNA DSBs without the need for sequence homology, and so is error-prone.

Class

Genetic Information Processing; Replication and repair

Pathway map

xla03450

Non-homologous end-joining

Other DBs

GO:

0006303

Organism

Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) [GN:xla]

Gene

398357

xrcc6.L; X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 6 L homeolog [KO:K10884]

394397

xrcc5.L; X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5 [KO:K10885]

108713054

dclre1c.S; protein artemis isoform X1 [KO:K10887] [EC:3.1.-.-]

373602

prkdc.L; DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit [KO:K06642] [EC:2.7.11.1]

108696155

poll.L; DNA polymerase lambda [KO:K03512] [EC:2.7.7.7 4.2.99.-]

108712749

polm.S; DNA-directed DNA/RNA polymerase mu isoform X1 [KO:K03513] [EC:2.7.7.7]

378525

dntt.L; DNA nucleotidylexotransferase [KO:K00977] [EC:2.7.7.31]

394389

lig4.L; DNA ligase (ATP) 4 [KO:K10777] [EC:6.5.1.1]

443786

xrcc4.L; X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 4 L homeolog [KO:K10886]

445871

nhej1.S; non-homologous end-joining factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10980]

495064

rad50.L; RAD50 homolog, double strand break repair protein L homeolog [KO:K10866] [EC:3.6.-.-]

108713276

rad50.S; DNA repair protein RAD50 [KO:K10866] [EC:3.6.-.-]

394308

mre11.L; double-strand break repair protein MRE11 [KO:K10865]

394303

fen1.L; flap endonuclease 1-A [KO:K04799] [EC:3.1.-.-]

394311

fen1.S; flap endonuclease 1-B [KO:K04799] [EC:3.1.-.-]

108696916

flap endonuclease 1 [KO:K04799] [EC:3.1.-.-]

Reference

PMID:16971555

Authors

Gennery AR.

Title

Primary immunodeficiency syndromes associated with defective DNA double-strand break repair.

Journal

Br Med Bull 77-78:71-85 (2006)
DOI:10.1093/bmb/ldl006

Reference

PMID:17589524

Authors

Zhang Y, Hefferin ML, Chen L, Shim EY, Tseng HM, Kwon Y, Sung P, Lee SE, Tomkinson AE.

Title

Role of Dnl4-Lif1 in nonhomologous end-joining repair complex assembly and suppression of homologous recombination.

Journal

Nat Struct Mol Biol 14:639-46 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nsmb1261

Reference

PMID:16895466

Authors

Wyman C, Kanaar R.

Title

DNA double-strand break repair: all's well that ends well.

Journal

Annu Rev Genet 40:363-83 (2006)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.40.110405.090451

Reference

PMID:15578053

Authors

Weller GR, Brandt VL, Roth DB.

Title

Doing more with less in bacterial DNA repair.

Journal

Nat Struct Mol Biol 11:1158-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nsmb1204-1158

Reference

PMID:12215643

Authors

Weller GR, Kysela B, Roy R, Tonkin LM, Scanlan E, Della M, Devine SK, Day JP, Wilkinson A, d'Adda di Fagagna F, Devine KM, Bowater RP, Jeggo PA, Jackson SP, Doherty AJ.

Title

Identification of a DNA nonhomologous end-joining complex in bacteria.

Journal

Science 297:1686-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1074584

Reference

PMID:17506672

Authors

Pitcher RS, Brissett NC, Doherty AJ.

Title

Nonhomologous end-joining in bacteria: a microbial perspective.

Journal

Annu Rev Microbiol 61:259-82 (2007)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093354

KO pathway

ko03450

LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system