KEGG   PATHWAY: nle05206
Entry
nle05206                    Pathway                                
Name
MicroRNAs in cancer - Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon)
Description
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cluster of small non-encoding RNA molecules of 21 - 23 nucleotides in length, which controls gene expression post-transcriptionally either via the degradation of target mRNAs or the inhibition of protein translation. Using high-throughput profiling, dysregulation of miRNAs has been widely observed in different stages of cancer. The upregulation (overexpression) of specific miRNAs could lead to the repression of tumor suppressor gene expression, and conversely the downregulation of specific miRNAs could result in an increase of oncogene expression; both these situations induce subsequent malignant effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that lead to tumor growth and progress. The miRNA signatures of cancer observed in various studies differ significantly. These inconsistencies occur due to the differences in the study populations and methodologies used. This pathway map shows the summarized results from various studies in 9 cancers, each of which is presented in a review article.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
Pathway map
nle05206  MicroRNAs in cancer
nle05206

Organism
Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon) [GN:nle]
Gene
100605147  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
100589956  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
100594545  TIMP3; metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 [KO:K16866]
100593773  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
100602542  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
100588003  CDC25A; M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
100596941  CDC25B; M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05866] [EC:3.1.3.48]
100588617  CDC25C; M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 [KO:K05867] [EC:3.1.3.48]
115836938  HMGA2; high mobility group protein HMGI-C isoform X1 [KO:K09283]
100605736  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
100585770  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 [KO:K10151]
100607751  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
100602200  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 [KO:K06626]
100595820  CRKL; crk-like protein [KO:K04438]
100601245  CRK; adapter molecule crk isoform X1 [KO:K04438]
100581124  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
100585277  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
100602522  FOXP1; forkhead box protein P1 isoform X1 [KO:K23582]
100580787  PIM1; serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 [KO:K04702] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100597172  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor isoform X3 [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100594618  DNMT3A; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
100598378  DNMT3B; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]
100604947  MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02539]
100598768  bcl-2-like protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K02163]
100597255  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100601396  VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X1 [KO:K05448]
100597823  ZEB1; zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 isoform X7 [KO:K09299]
100596183  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
100581958  EZR; ezrin isoform X1 [KO:K08007]
100584426  PDCD4; programmed cell death protein 4 [KO:K16865]
100589381  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
100596998  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
100591881  TPM1; tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X18 [KO:K10373]
100587795  SPRY2; protein sprouty homolog 2 [KO:K17383]
100599011  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
100600262  SERPINB5; serpin B5 isoform X1 [KO:K10139]
100583520  ST14; suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein [KO:K08670] [EC:3.4.21.109]
100583040  cytochrome P450 1B1 [KO:K07410] [EC:1.14.14.1]
100594291  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100587259  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
100603459  1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K07436] [EC:1.14.15.16]
100601700  ERBB2; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05083] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100590102  ERBB3; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 [KO:K05084] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100601002  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 isoform X1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100606847  TP63; tumor protein 63 isoform X3 [KO:K10149]
100579944  ZEB2; zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 isoform X1 [KO:K23560]
100595362  FSCN1; fascin [KO:K23551]
100592827  RASSF1; ras association domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09850]
100586307  HOXD10; homeobox protein Hox-D10 [KO:K09295]
100598015  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
100606908  BMF; bcl-2-modifying factor [KO:K17460]
100597455  PAK4; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05734] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100587873  MMP9; matrix metalloproteinase-9 [KO:K01403] [EC:3.4.24.35]
100593925  SLC7A1; high affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13863]
100588852  CCNG1; cyclin-G1 [KO:K10145]
100587046  HMOX1; heme oxygenase 1 [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
100596339  STMN1; stathmin [KO:K04381]
100598877  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
100589322  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
100585064  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100595274  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
100592103  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100592708  DNMT1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
100602025  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
100585467  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X3 [KO:K02085]
100607873  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
100605788  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100591270  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100599301  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100598787  MAPK7; mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 isoform X2 [KO:K04464] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100588218  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100580872  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100584384  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100601168  HNRNPK; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K isoform X1 [KO:K12886]
100592424  RECK; reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs isoform X2 [KO:K17461]
100594018  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
100583956  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
100602494  NOTCH1; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02599]
100584613  NOTCH2; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K20994]
100590691  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
100600732  NOTCH4; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 [KO:K20996]
100584115  BMI1; polycomb complex protein BMI-1 [KO:K11459]
100583949  MMP16; matrix metalloproteinase-16 [KO:K07996] [EC:3.4.24.-]
100589181  SOCS1; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 [KO:K04694]
100587652  CD44; CD44 antigen isoform X3 [KO:K06256]
100589247  DICER1; endoribonuclease Dicer isoform X1 [KO:K11592] [EC:3.1.26.-]
100589994  FZD3; frizzled-3 [KO:K02329]
100606925  ITGA5; integrin alpha-5 [KO:K06484]
100601297  RDX; radixin isoform X2 [KO:K05762]
100607291  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
100581844  PLAU; urokinase-type plasminogen activator [KO:K01348] [EC:3.4.21.73]
100588483  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X1 [KO:K14021]
100607876  ZFPM2; zinc finger protein ZFPM2 isoform X1 [KO:K17442]
100593791  ITGB3; integrin beta-3 [KO:K06493]
100583288  UBE2I; SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 isoform X1 [KO:K10577]
100595042  SOX4; transcription factor SOX-4 [KO:K23581]
100580126  TNN; tenascin-N isoform X1 [KO:K06252]
100581667  TNR; tenascin-R isoform X1 [KO:K06252]
100598677  TNC; tenascin [KO:K06252]
100597679  TNXB; tenascin-X isoform X1 [KO:K06252]
100605124  ABCB1; ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 isoform X1 [KO:K05658] [EC:7.6.2.2]
100602390  ABCC1; multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 [KO:K05665] [EC:7.6.2.3]
100580360  BRCA1; breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein [KO:K10605] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100599083  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
100606614  EFNA5; ephrin-A5 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
100584794  EFNA1; ephrin-A1 [KO:K05462]
100583129  EFNA3; ephrin-A3 isoform X1 [KO:K05462]
100582330  EFNA4; ephrin-A4 isoform X3 [KO:K05462]
100600655  EFNA2; ephrin-A2 [KO:K05462]
100603886  THBS1; thrombospondin-1 [KO:K16857]
100583575  IGF2BP1; insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17391]
100585311  TRIM71; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM71 [KO:K12035] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100581655  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
100588081  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100591090  PTGS2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
100600574  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100584480  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100591651  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100590939  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X2 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100601464  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100588468  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
100591839  FGFR3; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05094] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100597734  RPS6KA5; ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04445] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100583326  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
100601465  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X2 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100594153  MDM4; protein Mdm4 isoform X1 [KO:K10127]
100603207  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100591458  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100604145  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100582599  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100579506  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100591827  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100590165  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
100600495  SOS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
100606068  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
100583683  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X6 [KO:K04359]
100591644  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
100586714  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B [KO:K17386]
100597894  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100586796  CDKN2A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A isoform X1 [KO:K06621]
100601097  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
100583853  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389]
100594069  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
100591147  MARCKS; myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate [KO:K12561]
100599616  BMPR2; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 [KO:K04671] [EC:2.7.11.30]
100591684  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
100591033  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 isoform X3 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
100580962  EZH2; histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 [KO:K11430] [EC:2.1.1.356]
100606824  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
100583191  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
100605499  SIRT1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11411] [EC:2.3.1.286]
100606846  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a isoform X2 [KO:K00312]
100599381  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
100580441  CDCA5; sororin [KO:K17390]
100593002  KIF23; kinesin-like protein KIF23 isoform X2 [KO:K17387]
100586590  ROCK1; rho-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04514] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100606298  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type isoform X1 [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100600742  SLC45A3; solute carrier family 45 member 3 [KO:K15379]
100581876  VIM; vimentin [KO:K07606]
Reference
PMID:18817506
  Authors
Lee YS, Dutta A
  Title
MicroRNAs in cancer.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pathol 4:199-227 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092222
Reference
PMID:21402473
  Authors
Babashah S, Soleimani M
  Title
The oncogenic and tumour suppressive roles of microRNAs in cancer and apoptosis.
  Journal
Eur J Cancer 47:1127-37 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.02.008
Reference
PMID:19630570
  Authors
Garzon R, Calin GA, Croce CM
  Title
MicroRNAs in Cancer.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 60:167-79 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.med.59.053006.104707
Reference
PMID:23075324
  Authors
Chen PS, Su JL, Hung MC
  Title
Dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer.
  Journal
J Biomed Sci 19:90 (2012)
DOI:10.1186/1423-0127-19-90
Reference
PMID:22035854
  Authors
Ling H, Zhang W, Calin GA
  Title
Principles of microRNA involvement in human cancers.
  Journal
Chin J Cancer 30:739-48 (2011)
DOI:10.5732/cjc.011.10243
Reference
PMID:22351564
  Authors
Iorio MV, Croce CM
  Title
MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics. A comprehensive review.
  Journal
EMBO Mol Med 4:143-59 (2012)
DOI:10.1002/emmm.201100209
Reference
PMID:21742789
  Authors
Sayed D, Abdellatif M
  Title
MicroRNAs in development and disease.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 91:827-87 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00006.2010
Reference
PMID:22345301
  Authors
Wang Q, Wang S, Wang H, Li P, Ma Z
  Title
MicroRNAs: novel biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prediction and treatment.
  Journal
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 237:227-35 (2012)
DOI:10.1258/ebm.2011.011192
Reference
PMID:22580099
  Authors
Song JH, Meltzer SJ
  Title
MicroRNAs in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of gastroesophageal cancers.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:35-47.e2 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.003
Reference
PMID:23462054
  Authors
Chu Y, Zhu H, Lv L, Zhou Y, Huo J
  Title
MiRNA s in oesophageal squamous cancer.
  Journal
Neth J Med 71:69-75 (2013)
Reference
PMID:19773200
  Authors
Kan T, Meltzer SJ
  Title
MicroRNAs in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
Curr Opin Pharmacol 9:727-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2009.08.009
Reference
PMID:20128019
  Authors
Smith CM, Watson DI, Michael MZ, Hussey DJ
  Title
MicroRNAs, development of Barrett's esophagus, and progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 16:531-7 (2010)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v16.i5.531
Reference
PMID:23165235
  Authors
Song S, Ajani JA
  Title
The role of microRNAs in cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:109-18 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.210
Reference
PMID:21565290
  Authors
Liu WH, Yeh SH, Chen PJ
  Title
Role of microRNAs in hepatitis B virus replication and pathogenesis.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1809:678-85 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.04.008
Reference
PMID:23091478
  Authors
Hrasovec S, Glavac D
  Title
MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer.
  Journal
Front Genet 3:180 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2012.00180
Reference
PMID:22926415
  Authors
Liu H
  Title
MicroRNAs in breast cancer initiation and progression.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 69:3587-99 (2012)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-012-1128-9
Reference
PMID:20345848
  Authors
Li SD, Zhang JR, Wang YQ, Wan XP
  Title
The role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer initiation and progression.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 14:2240-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01058.x
Reference
PMID:23316212
  Authors
Zabolotneva AA, Zhavoronkov A, Garazha AV, Roumiantsev SA, Buzdin AA
  Title
Characteristic patterns of microRNA expression in human bladder cancer.
  Journal
Front Genet 3:310 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fgene.2012.00310
Reference
PMID:20221895
  Authors
Saini S, Majid S, Dahiya R
  Title
Diet, microRNAs and prostate cancer.
  Journal
Pharm Res 27:1014-26 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s11095-010-0086-x
Related
pathway
nle05210  Colorectal cancer
nle05214  Glioma
nle05215  Prostate cancer
nle05219  Bladder cancer
nle05222  Small cell lung cancer
nle05223  Non-small cell lung cancer
KO pathway
ko05206   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system