KEGG   PATHWAY: oro04613
Entry
oro04613                    Pathway                                
Name
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation - Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus)
Description
Neutrophils play a central role in innate immune defense. One of the mechanisms of neutrophil action is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the extracellular structures composed of chromatin coated with histones, proteases and granular and cytosolic proteins that help catch and kill microorganisms. NETs are formed by a process known as "NETosis" that can be triggered by microorganisms and endogenous stimuli, such as damage-associated molecular patterns and immune complexes, and involves activation in most cases of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent study has reported that there are two different mechanisms of NETosis, including a lytic NETosis and a vital NETosis. Lytic NETosis begins with nuclear delobulation and the disassembly of the nuclear envelope and continues with loss of cellular polarization, chromatin decondensation and plasma membrane rupture. Vital NETosis can occur independently of cell death and involves the secreted expulsion of nuclear chromatin that is accompanied by the release of granule proteins through degranulation.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
Pathway map
oro04613  Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
oro04613

Organism
Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus) [GN:oro]
Gene
101363133  low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-like isoform X2 [KO:K06463]
101373095  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform X1 [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101376824  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101372149  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101365373  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101376586  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101372573  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101382213  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101379802  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
101376795  NCF1; neutrophil cytosol factor 1 [KO:K08011]
101364731  cytochrome b-245 light chain [KO:K08009]
101385575  NCF2; neutrophil cytosol factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08010]
101363941  NCF4; neutrophil cytosol factor 4 [KO:K08012]
101378519  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
101366544  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-like [KO:K04392]
101385830  RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
101370150  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
101369550  TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 [KO:K10170]
101375336  neutrophil elastase [KO:K01327] [EC:3.4.21.37]
101380182  MPO; myeloperoxidase isoform X1 [KO:K10789] [EC:1.11.2.2]
101375328  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05692]
101375766  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05862]
101374903  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15040]
101374285  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15041]
101374369  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041]
101366629  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
101372733  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
101371414  ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
101367537  ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
101384049  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
101374224  ADP/ATP translocase 3-like [KO:K05863]
101380401  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
101378435  PADI4; protein-arginine deiminase type-4 [KO:K24669] [EC:3.5.3.15]
101370467  uncharacterized protein LOC101370467 [KO:K06856]
101381082  high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I [KO:K06498]
101374774  ITGAM; integrin alpha-M [KO:K06461]
101383612  ITGB2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]
101370679  ITGAL; integrin alpha-L [KO:K05718]
101368771  CLEC7A; C-type lectin domain family 7 member A isoform X1 [KO:K10074]
101368668  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101379806  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101375710  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101386162  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101386750  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101380728  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X2 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101378505  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101386060  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101380879  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101363254  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101370890  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
101362203  FPR2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: N-formyl peptide receptor 2 [KO:K04173]
101370689  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101385241  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101385267  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101374787  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
101370100  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101371800  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101383166  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101382320  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101374757  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101363844  MTOR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101371488  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
101381225  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
101385252  C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]
101384034  CR1L; complement component receptor 1-like protein [KO:K04011]
101364833  C5; complement C5 [KO:K03994]
101367254  C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]
101384635  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
101363280  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
101367407  uncharacterized protein LOC101367407 [KO:K10159]
101371071  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 [KO:K10160]
101377143  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101377430  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101382259  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101382558  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101369639  ITGA2B; integrin alpha-IIb isoform X1 [KO:K06476]
101369957  ITGB3; integrin beta-3 [KO:K06493]
101385350  FGA; fibrinogen alpha chain [KO:K03903]
101385652  FGB; fibrinogen beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K03904]
101384856  FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X1 [KO:K03905]
101374775  GP1BA; platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain [KO:K06261]
101385961  VWF; von Willebrand factor isoform X1 [KO:K03900]
101363733  SELP; P-selectin [KO:K06496]
101363607  SELPLG; P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 [KO:K06544]
101383547  AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X1 [KO:K19722]
101382016  caspase-13-like [KO:K04394] [EC:3.4.22.57 3.4.22.64]
101375370  GSDMD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gasdermin-D [KO:K20917]
101385411  HAT1; histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K11303] [EC:2.3.1.48]
101372132  core histone macro-H2A.2 isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
101366045  histone H2A.Z [KO:K11251]
101386213  histone H2A type 3 [KO:K11251]
101366113  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
105757735  histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3-like [KO:K11251]
101381952  core histone macro-H2A.1 isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
101379445  histone H2A type 3 [KO:K11251]
101363702  histone H2A-beta, sperm-like [KO:K11251]
101366395  histone H2A type 1-E-like [KO:K11251]
101367563  histone H2A type 1-C [KO:K11251]
101381669  histone H2A type 2-A [KO:K11251]
101382537  histone H2A type 2-A [KO:K11251]
101383684  histone H2A type 2-C [KO:K11251]
101383964  histone H2A type 2-B [KO:K11251]
101375640  histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3-like [KO:K11251]
101382003  histone H2A type 1-E [KO:K11251]
101383444  histone H2A type 1-E [KO:K11251]
101385958  histone H2A type 1-E-like [KO:K11251]
101364457  histone H2A type 1-E-like [KO:K11251]
101365056  histone H2A type 1-E-like [KO:K11251]
101365361  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
101364810  histone H2A-beta, sperm-like [KO:K11251]
101379964  histone H2AX [KO:K11251]
101381871  histone H2A.J [KO:K11251]
101364558  histone H2A.V isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
101380845  histone H2A type 1-E [KO:K11251]
101369635  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101370527  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101371116  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101371407  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101371707  histone H2B type F-M-like [KO:K11252]
101372303  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101373166  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101386510  histone H2B type 1-A [KO:K11252]
101386806  histone H2B type 1-A-like [KO:K11252]
101379740  histone H2B type 3-B [KO:K11252]
101380025  histone H2B type 1-F/J/L-like [KO:K11252]
101367269  histone H2B type 1-like [KO:K11252]
101368156  histone H2B type 1-M [KO:K11252]
101368730  histone H2B type 1-K [KO:K11252]
101381378  histone H2B type 2-F [KO:K11252]
101381948  histone H2B type 2-E [KO:K11252]
101382239  histone H2B type 2-E [KO:K11252]
101383395  histone H2B type 2-E [KO:K11252]
101369930  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histone H2B.3-like [KO:K11252]
101370818  histone H2B type F-M-like [KO:K11252]
101372592  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: late histone H2B.L3-like [KO:K11252]
101373735  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101367710  histone H2B type 1-N-like [KO:K11252]
101368298  histone H2B type 1 [KO:K11252]
101366260  histone H2B type 1-K [KO:K11252]
101378012  histone H2B-like [KO:K11252]
101378601  histone H2B type F-M-like [KO:K11252]
101379179  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101379471  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101382291  histone H2B type 1-M-like [KO:K11252]
101382592  histone H2B type 1-M-like [KO:K11252]
101386252  histone H2B type 1-M-like [KO:K11252]
101386837  histone H2B type 1 [KO:K11252]
101363581  histone H2B type 1 [KO:K11252]
101365667  histone H2B type 1 [KO:K11252]
101374838  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101372477  late histone H2B.L1-like [KO:K11252]
105758430  histone H2B-like [KO:K11252]
101370014  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101370304  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
105757765  histone H2B type 1-B [KO:K11252]
101374474  histone H2B-like [KO:K11252]
101374765  late histone H2B.L1-like [KO:K11252]
101375053  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101375647  histone H2B type W-T-like [KO:K11252]
105758218  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101382005  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
105758219  histone H2B, sperm-like [KO:K11252]
105758220  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101366452  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
105758316  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
101382912  histone H2B subacrosomal variant-like [KO:K11252]
101369784  histone H4-like [KO:K11254]
101383161  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101386546  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101363868  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101382175  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
105757620  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
101365820  histone H3.1 isoform X2 [KO:K11253]
101382815  histone H3 [KO:K11253]
101368878  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC101368878 [KO:K11253]
101384297  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
101381131  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC101381131 [KO:K11253]
101363281  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
101386168  histone H3.3-like [KO:K11253]
101376256  histone H3.3-like [KO:K11253]
101373846  histone H3.3-like isoform X1 [KO:K11253]
101373140  histone H3.3-like [KO:K11253]
101364112  histone H3-like centromeric protein CSE4 [KO:K11253]
101372593  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
105758095  histone H3.3-like [KO:K11253]
101383635  H3F3B; histone H3.3 [KO:K11253]
101366695  uncharacterized protein LOC101366695 [KO:K11253]
101362984  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC101362984 [KO:K11253]
101383217  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC101383217 [KO:K11253]
101365273  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101384069  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101367531  HDAC3; histone deacetylase 3 [KO:K11404] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101379690  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histone deacetylase 3-like [KO:K11404] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101374137  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X3 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101372422  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101372755  HDAC6; histone deacetylase 6 [KO:K11407] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101371355  HDAC7; histone deacetylase 7 [KO:K11408] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101382725  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(II) chain-like [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101367808  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101374689  HDAC9; histone deacetylase 9 isoform X3 [KO:K11409] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101382836  HDAC10; histone deacetylase 10 [KO:K18671] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101382502  HDAC11; histone deacetylase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K11418] [EC:3.5.1.98]
101383583  CTSG; cathepsin G [KO:K01319] [EC:3.4.21.20]
101370308  CAMP; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
101381504  CLCN3; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05012]
101381394  CLCN4; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05012]
101367430  CLCN5; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5 isoform X2 [KO:K05012]
101379739  AQP9; aquaporin-9 [KO:K09877]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00039  DNA
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00338  Lipopolysaccharide
C00464  Mannan
C00518  Hyaluronate
C00551  beta-D-Glucan
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05151  12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11221  Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester
Reference
PMID:29543328
  Authors
Van Avondt K, Hartl D
  Title
Mechanisms and disease relevance of neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
  Journal
Eur J Clin Invest 48 Suppl 2:e12919 (2018)
DOI:10.1111/eci.12919
Reference
PMID:31518165
  Authors
Sorvillo N, Cherpokova D, Martinod K, Wagner DD
  Title
Extracellular DNA NET-Works With Dire Consequences for Health.
  Journal
Circ Res 125:470-488 (2019)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314581
Reference
PMID:28990587
  Authors
Papayannopoulos V
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 18:134-147 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nri.2017.105
Reference
PMID:24837201
  Authors
Liu FC, Chuang YH, Tsai YF, Yu HP
  Title
Role of neutrophil extracellular traps following injury.
  Journal
Shock 41:491-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000146
Reference
PMID:27570525
  Authors
Yang H, Biermann MH, Brauner JM, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Herrmann M
  Title
New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation.
  Journal
Front Immunol 7:302 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00302
Reference
PMID:28983472
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Bochenska O, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Seweryn-Ozog K, Aoki W, Ueda M, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
Aspartic Proteases and Major Cell Wall Components in Candida albicans Trigger the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 7:414 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00414
Reference
PMID:29382950
  Authors
Honda M, Kubes P
  Title
Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in the liver and gastrointestinal system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:206-221 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.183
Reference
PMID:31416265
  Authors
Hamam HJ, Palaniyar N
  Title
Post-Translational Modifications in NETosis and NETs-Mediated Diseases.
  Journal
Biomolecules 9:E369 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/biom9080369
Reference
PMID:31767647
  Authors
Burgener SS, Schroder K
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Host Defense.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 12:a037028 (2020)
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a037028
Reference
PMID:33202203
  Authors
Vorobjeva NV, Chernyak BV
  Title
NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 85:1178-1190 (2020)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297920100065
Reference
PMID:31416173
  Authors
Ravindran M, Khan MA, Palaniyar N
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Physiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology.
  Journal
Biomolecules 9:E365 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/biom9080365
Reference
PMID:28267716
  Authors
Jorch SK, Kubes P
  Title
An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease.
  Journal
Nat Med 23:279-287 (2017)
DOI:10.1038/nm.4294
Reference
PMID:31342866
  Authors
Goggs R, Jeffery U, LeVine DN, Li RHL
  Title
Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review.
  Journal
Vet Pathol 57:6-23 (2020)
DOI:10.1177/0300985819861721
Reference
PMID:27876233
  Authors
Kim SJ, Jenne CN
  Title
Role of platelets in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production and tissue injury.
  Journal
Semin Immunol 28:546-554 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.013
Reference
PMID:29572545
  Authors
de Bont CM, Boelens WC, Pruijn GJM
  Title
NETosis, complement, and coagulation: a triangular relationship.
  Journal
Cell Mol Immunol 16:19-27 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41423-018-0024-0
Reference
PMID:31129510
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Bartnicka D, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
UVA and UVB radiation induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by human polymorphonuclear cells.
  Journal
J Photochem Photobiol B 196:111511 (2019)
DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111511
Reference
PMID:21293492
  Authors
Remijsen Q, Kuijpers TW, Wirawan E, Lippens S, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T
  Title
Dying for a cause: NETosis, mechanisms behind an antimicrobial cell death modality.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 18:581-8 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.1
Reference
PMID:23819131
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) - formation and implications.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Pol 60:277-84 (2013)
Reference
PMID:28373871
  Authors
Rosales C
  Title
Fcgamma Receptor Heterogeneity in Leukocyte Functional Responses.
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Front Immunol 8:280 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00280
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PMID:25716722
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Vorobjeva NV, Pinegin BV
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation and role in health and disease.
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Biochemistry (Mosc) 79:1286-96 (2014)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297914120025
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PMID:28220120
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Delgado-Rizo V, Martinez-Guzman MA, Iniguez-Gutierrez L, Garcia-Orozco A, Alvarado-Navarro A, Fafutis-Morris M
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Its Implications in Inflammation: An Overview.
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Front Immunol 8:81 (2017)
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PMID:30023352
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Fonseca Z, Diaz-Godinez C, Mora N, Aleman OR, Uribe-Querol E, Carrero JC, Rosales C
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Entamoeba histolytica Induce Signaling via Raf/MEK/ERK for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation.
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Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:226 (2018)
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PMID:27923601
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Agraz-Cibrian JM, Giraldo DM, Mary FM, Urcuqui-Inchima S
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Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETs and their role in antiviral innate immunity.
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Virus Res 228:124-133 (2017)
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PMID:27698656
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Schonrich G, Raftery MJ
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Go Viral.
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Front Immunol 7:366 (2016)
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PMID:22817992
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Saitoh T, Komano J, Saitoh Y, Misawa T, Takahama M, Kozaki T, Uehata T, Iwasaki H, Omori H, Yamaoka S, Yamamoto N, Akira S
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Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate a host defense response to human immunodeficiency virus-1.
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Cell Host Microbe 12:109-16 (2012)
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PMID:29908538
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Kumar S, Gupta E, Kaushik S, Jyoti A
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Formation and Involvement in Disease Progression.
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Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 17:208-220 (2018)
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