Entry
Name
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Puma concolor (puma)
Description
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. In 90% of patients, ALS is sporadic, with no clear genetic linkage. On the other hand, the remaining 10% of cases show familial inheritance, with mutations in SOD1, TDP43(TARDBP), FUS, or C9orf72 genes being the most frequent causes. In spite of such difference, familial ALS and sporadic ALS have similarities in their pathological features. Proposed disease mechanisms contributing to motor neuron degeneration in ALS are: impaired proteostasis, aberrant RNA processing, mitochondrial disfunction and oxidative stress, microglia activation, and axonal dysfunction.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Puma concolor (puma) [GN:
pcoo ]
Gene
112856999 TP53; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451 ]
112852033 NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112850447 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03944 ]
112871256 NDUFA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
112859395 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945 ]
112861044 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03946 ]
112851148 NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03947 ]
112863770 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
112850499 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949 ]
112866670 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949 ]
112863619 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
112871796 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952 ]
112867527 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953 ]
112867674 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954 ]
112852859 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
112863598 NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352 ]
112852861 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
112856171 NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
112866888 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958 ]
112848529 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
112850222 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
112849670 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961 ]
112861170 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962 ]
112854315 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964 ]
112859401 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965 ]
112853318 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
112870588 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
112869732 NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112851625 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112865371 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112860962 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937 ]
112872093 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
112861125 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939 ]
112852781 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112851977 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
112858442 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
112865346 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 isoform X1 [KO:K03968 ]
112860213 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
112871838 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
112851739 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236 ]
112865224 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237 ]
112860597 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00237 ]
112852534 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414 ]
112869979 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
112869546 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
112857357 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
112864047 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270 ]
112868376 ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02132 ]
112867261 ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136 ]
112851812 ATP5F1E; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135 ]
112869166 ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127 ]
112871780 ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
112854094 ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
112867188 ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
112849583 ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02131 ]
112861387 VDAC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
112851624 TOMM40L; mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM40B [KO:K11518 ]
112868813 MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435 ]
112863123 microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435 ]
112863216 microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435 ]
112848671 TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650 ]
112849476 CUNH9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609 ]
112865154 AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985 ]
112856175 ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889 ]
112864581 WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908 ]
112859970 WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908 ]
112869884 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
112858792 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
112854258 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
112850709 PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B isoform X1 [KO:K03063 ]
112856484 PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064 ]
112864552 PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066 ]
112850215 PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03028 ]
112872149 PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032 ]
112854113 PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033 ]
112870279 PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693 ]
112864467 PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035 ]
112852693 PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036 ]
112852521 PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037 ]
112857328 PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038 ]
112851991 PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039 ]
112871860 PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03029 ]
112870755 PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030 ]
112851286 PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031 ]
112855510 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1-like [KO:K12741 ]
112862171 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1-like [KO:K12741 ]
112868559 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1-like [KO:K12741 ]
112867380 HNRNPA1; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 isoform X1 [KO:K12741 ]
112866868 HNRNPA2B1; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 isoform X1 [KO:K13158 ]
112866831 NCBP1; nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12882 ]
112868776 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear RNA export factor 3-like [KO:K14284 ]
112870715 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear RNA export factor 2-like [KO:K14284 ]
112853627 NUP153; nuclear pore complex protein Nup153 isoform X1 [KO:K14296 ]
112865263 NUP98; nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 isoform X1 [KO:K14297 ]
112860978 NUP155; nuclear pore complex protein Nup155 isoform X1 [KO:K14312 ]
112851724 NUP210L; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210-like [KO:K14314 ]
112859901 POM121C; nuclear envelope pore membrane protein POM 121C [KO:K14316 ]
112870174 CHCHD10; coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 10, mitochondrial [KO:K22759 ]
112868966 VAPB; vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C [KO:K10707 ]
112864801 ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054 ]
112855314 EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237 ]
112863930 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
112872079 SIGMAR1; sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K20719 ]
112867910 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
112861663 TNFRSF1B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B [KO:K05141 ]
112852050 CCS; copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase isoform X1 [KO:K04569 ]
112854009 HAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: huntingtin-associated protein 1 [KO:K04647 ]
112863172 DNAH14; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dynein heavy chain 14, axonemal [KO:K10408 ]
112857037 DNAH9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dynein heavy chain 9, axonemal [KO:K10408 ]
112852487 DNAH12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dynein heavy chain 12, axonemal [KO:K10408 ]
112853128 DNAH3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dynein heavy chain 3, axonemal [KO:K10408 ]
112863151 DNALI1; axonemal dynein light intermediate polypeptide 1 [KO:K10410 ]
112869874 NRG1; pro-neuregulin-1, membrane-bound isoform isoform X1 [KO:K05455 ]
112860903 NRG2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-neuregulin-2, membrane-bound isoform [KO:K05456 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
Reference
Authors
Brown RH, Al-Chalabi A
Title
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Webster CP, Smith EF, Shaw PJ, De Vos KJ
Title
Protein Homeostasis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Therapeutic Opportunities?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Valko K, Ciesla L
Title
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mathis S, Goizet C, Soulages A, Vallat JM, Masson GL
Title
Genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A review.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turner MR, Hardiman O, Benatar M, Brooks BR, Chio A, de Carvalho M, Ince PG, Lin C, Miller RG, Mitsumoto H, Nicholson G, Ravits J, Shaw PJ, Swash M, Talbot K, Traynor BJ, Van den Berg LH, Veldink JH, Vucic S, Kiernan MC
Title
Controversies and priorities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pasinelli P, Brown RH
Title
Molecular biology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from genetics.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goodall EF, Morrison KE
Title
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neuron disease): proposed mechanisms and pathways to treatment.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith EF, Shaw PJ, De Vos KJ
Title
The role of mitochondria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kodavati M, Wang H, Hegde ML
Title
Altered Mitochondrial Dynamics in Motor Neuron Disease: An Emerging Perspective.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hervias I, Beal MF, Manfredi G
Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bacman SR, Bradley WG, Moraes CT
Title
Mitochondrial involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: trigger or target?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lin MT, Beal MF
Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bendotti C, Bao Cutrona M, Cheroni C, Grignaschi G, Lo Coco D, Peviani M, Tortarolo M, Veglianese P, Zennaro E
Title
Inter- and intracellular signaling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Simpson EP, Yen AA, Appel SH
Title
Oxidative Stress: a common denominator in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bendotti C, Carri MT
Title
Lessons from models of SOD1-linked familial ALS.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Robertson J, Kriz J, Nguyen MD, Julien JP
Title
Pathways to motor neuron degeneration in transgenic mouse models.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Eve DJ, Dennis JS, Citron BA
Title
Transcription factor p53 in degenerating spinal cords.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bahar E, Kim H, Yoon H
Title
ER Stress-Mediated Signaling: Action Potential and Ca(2+) as Key Players.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bezprozvanny I
Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
von Lewinski F, Keller BU
Title
Ca2+, mitochondria and selective motoneuron vulnerability: implications for ALS.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Julien JP.
Title
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. unfolding the toxicity of the misfolded.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hand CK, Rouleau GA
Title
Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Barber SC, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ
Title
Oxidative stress in ALS: a mechanism of neurodegeneration and a therapeutic target.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Prasad A, Bharathi V, Sivalingam V, Girdhar A, Patel BK
Title
Molecular Mechanisms of TDP-43 Misfolding and Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nguyen DKH, Thombre R, Wang J
Title
Autophagy as a common pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee JK, Shin JH, Lee JE, Choi EJ
Title
Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Oakes JA, Davies MC, Collins MO
Title
TBK1: a new player in ALS linking autophagy and neuroinflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ramesh N, Pandey UB
Title
Autophagy Dysregulation in ALS: When Protein Aggregates Get Out of Hand.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kunita R, Otomo A, Mizumura H, Suzuki-Utsunomiya K, Hadano S, Ikeda JE
Title
The Rab5 activator ALS2/alsin acts as a novel Rac1 effector through Rac1-activated endocytosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hadano S, Kunita R, Otomo A, Suzuki-Utsunomiya K, Ikeda JE
Title
Molecular and cellular function of ALS2/alsin: implication of membrane dynamics in neuronal development and degeneration.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ruffoli R, Bartalucci A, Frati A, Fornai F
Title
Ultrastructural studies of ALS mitochondria connect altered function and permeability with defects of mitophagy and mitochondriogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Menzies FM, Fleming A, Rubinsztein DC
Title
Compromised autophagy and neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Casterton RL, Hunt RJ, Fanto M
Title
Pathomechanism Heterogeneity in the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Disease Spectrum: Providing Focus Through the Lens of Autophagy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lin G, Mao D, Bellen HJ
Title
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis Converges on Defects in Protein Homeostasis Associated with TDP-43 Mislocalization and Proteasome-Mediated Degradation Overload.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hetz C, Mollereau B
Title
Disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Xiang C, Wang Y, Zhang H, Han F
Title
The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurodegenerative disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hughes D, Mallucci GR
Title
The unfolded protein response in neurodegenerative disorders - therapeutic modulation of the PERK pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Doyle KM, Kennedy D, Gorman AM, Gupta S, Healy SJ, Samali A
Title
Unfolded proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurodegenerative disorders.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turner BJ, Atkin JD
Title
ER stress and UPR in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nishitoh H, Kadowaki H, Nagai A, Maruyama T, Yokota T, Fukutomi H, Noguchi T, Matsuzawa A, Takeda K, Ichijo H
Title
ALS-linked mutant SOD1 induces ER stress- and ASK1-dependent motor neuron death by targeting Derlin-1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Walker AK, Atkin JD
Title
Stress signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum: A central player in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Renaud L, Picher-Martel V, Codron P, Julien JP
Title
Key role of UBQLN2 in pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nguyen HP, Van Broeckhoven C, van der Zee J
Title
ALS Genes in the Genomic Era and their Implications for FTD.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Atkin G, Paulson H
Title
Ubiquitin pathways in neurodegenerative disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim JM, Billington E, Reyes A, Notarianni T, Sage J, Agbas E, Taylor M, Monast I, Stanford JA, Agbas A
Title
Impaired Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) and Calcineurin (Cn) Interaction in ALS: A Presumed Consequence for TDP-43 and Zinc Aggregation in Tg SOD1(G93A) Rodent Spinal Cord Tissue.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Benarroch EE
Title
Sigma-1 receptor and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Millecamps S, Julien JP
Title
Axonal transport deficits and neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Related pathway
pcoo04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway
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