Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is caused by the abnormal progressive accumulation of functionally incompetent monoclonal B-lymphocytes in blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen. It is the most common adult leukemia in Western countries, accounting for about 30% of total leukaemias. Worldwide there are approximately 180,000 new cases every year. A main focus in CLL research involved the evaluation of genetic features related to somatic gene mutation or deletions that disrupt apoptosis and enhance tumor cell proliferation. The best characterized genes are TP53 (also known as p53) and ATM, for which mutations and/or deletions have been described that predict rapid disease progression, resistance to conventional therapies and poor survival.

Cancer

Bcl-2 (overexpression) [HSA:596] [KO:K02161]
p53 (mutation) [HSA:7157] [KO:K04451]
ATM (germline and somatic mutation) [HSA:472] [KO:K04728]
Fas (absent) [HSA:355] [KO:K04390]

1,3-Butadiene [CPD:C16450]
Ethylene oxide [CPD:C06548]
Rubber industry

Cyclophosphamide [DR:D00287]
Chlorambucil [DR:D00266]
Mechlorethamine hydrochloride [DR:D04872]
Bendamustine hydrochloride [DR:D07085]
Carmustine [DR:D00254]
Fludarabine phosphate [DR:D01907]
Doxorubicin hydrochloride [DR:D01275]
Rituximab [DR:D02994] (CD20-positive)
Ofatumumab [DR:D09314]
Obinutuzumab [DR:D09321]
Ibrutinib [DR:D10223] (chromosome 17p deletion)
Idelalisib [DR:D10560]
Venetoclax [DR:D10679] (chromosome 17p deletion)
Alemtuzumab [DR:D02802]
Sodium phosphate P 32 [DR:D05870]
Ibritumomab tiuxetan [DR:D04489]
Duvelisib [DR:D10555]
Rituximab and hyaluronidase [DR:D11393]

ICD-O: 9823/3, Tumor type: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

PMID:18059180 (description, gene, marker)

Chen J, McMillan NA

Molecular basis of pathogenesis, prognosis and therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Cancer Biol Ther 7:174-9 (2008)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.7.2.5262

PMID:17961188

Plass C, Byrd JC, Raval A, Tanner SM, de la Chapelle A

Molecular profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: genetics meets epigenetics to identify predisposing genes.

Br J Haematol 139:744-52 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06875.x

PMID:10687725 (gene, tumor type)

Bannerji R, Byrd JC.

Update on the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Curr Opin Oncol 12:22-9 (2000)
DOI:10.1097/00001622-200001000-00004

PMID:11491097 (gene, tumor type)

Caligaris-Cappio F.

Biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Rev Clin Exp Hematol 4:5-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1046/j.1468-0734.2000.00001.x

PMID:9498905 (carcinogen)

Blair A, Kazerouni N.

Reactive chemicals and cancer.

Cancer Causes Control 8:473-90 (1997)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018417623867

PMID:16155477 (carcinogen)

Graff JJ, Sathiakumar N, Macaluso M, Maldonado G, Matthews R, Delzell E.

Chemical exposures in the synthetic rubber industry and lymphohematopoietic cancer mortality.

J Occup Environ Med 47:916-32 (2005)
DOI:10.1097/01.jom.0000172866.16615.db

PMID:15660110 (carcinogen)

Luch A.

Nature and nurture - lessons from chemical carcinogenesis.

Nat Rev Cancer 5:113-25 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1546

PMID:12464351 (carcinogen)

Kolman A, Chovanec M, Osterman-Golkar S.

Genotoxic effects of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin in humans: update review (1990-2001).

Mutat Res 512:173-94 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S1383-5742(02)00067-4

PMID:16873420 (carcinogen)

Alder N, Fenty J, Warren F, Sutton AJ, Rushton L, Jones DR, Abrams KR.

Meta-analysis of mortality and cancer incidence among workers in the synthetic rubber-producing industry.

Am J Epidemiol 164:405-20 (2006)
DOI:10.1093/aje/kwj252

PMID:16299089 (carcinogen)

Sathiakumar N, Graff J, Macaluso M, Maldonado G, Matthews R, Delzell E.

An updated study of mortality among North American synthetic rubber industry workers.

Occup Environ Med 62:822-9 (2005)
DOI:10.1136/oem.2004.018176