Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism, congenital cardiac defects, cryptorchidism in men, coagulation defects, and neurocognitive delay. In addition, individuals with NS have an increased risk of developing cancer. NS is caused by germline mutations in genes that encode components or regulators of the Ras/MAPK pathway. Heterozygous, pathogenic variants in 9 known genes account for approximately 80% of cases. The most common gene associated with NS is PTPN11, which accounts for approximately 50% of all cases.
Category
Congenital malformation
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
20 Developmental anomalies
Multiple developmental anomalies or syndromes
LD2F Syndromes with multiple structural anomalies, without predominant body system involvement
H01738 Noonan syndrome
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Signal transduction
nt06526 MAPK signaling
H01738 Noonan syndrome
Tartaglia M, Mehler EL, Goldberg R, Zampino G, Brunner HG, Kremer H, van der Burgt I, Crosby AH, Ion A, Jeffery S, Kalidas K, Patton MA, Kucherlapati RS, Gelb BD
Title
Mutations in PTPN11, encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, cause Noonan syndrome.
Johnston JJ, van der Smagt JJ, Rosenfeld JA, Pagnamenta AT, Alswaid A, Baker EH, Blair E, Borck G, Brinkmann J, Craigen W, Dung VC, Emrick L, Everman DB, van Gassen KL, Gulsuner S, Harr MH, Jain M, Kuechler A, Leppig KA, McDonald-McGinn DM, Can NTB, Peleg A, Roeder ER, Rogers RC, Sagi-Dain L, Sapp JC, Schaffer AA, Schanze D, Stewart H, Taylor JC, Verbeek NE, Walkiewicz MA, Zackai EH, Zweier C, Zenker M, Lee B, Biesecker LG
Title
Autosomal recessive Noonan syndrome associated with biallelic LZTR1 variants.
Schubbert S, Zenker M, Rowe SL, Boll S, Klein C, Bollag G, van der Burgt I, Musante L, Kalscheuer V, Wehner LE, Nguyen H, West B, Zhang KY, Sistermans E, Rauch A, Niemeyer CM, Shannon K, Kratz CP
Yamamoto GL, Aguena M, Gos M, Hung C, Pilch J, Fahiminiya S, Abramowicz A, Cristian I, Buscarilli M, Naslavsky MS, Malaquias AC, Zatz M, Bodamer O, Majewski J, Jorge AA, Pereira AC, Kim CA, Passos-Bueno MR, Bertola DR
Title
Rare variants in SOS2 and LZTR1 are associated with Noonan syndrome.
Motta M, Pannone L, Pantaleoni F, Bocchinfuso G, Radio FC, Cecchetti S, Ciolfi A, Di Rocco M, Elting MW, Brilstra EH, Boni S, Mazzanti L, Tamburrino F, Walsh L, Payne K, Fernandez-Jaen A, Ganapathi M, Chung WK, Grange DK, Dave-Wala A, Reshmi SC, Bartholomew DW, Mouhlas D, Carpentieri G, Bruselles A, Pizzi S, Bellacchio E, Piceci-Sparascio F, Lissewski C, Brinkmann J, Waclaw RR, Waisfisz Q, van Gassen K, Wentzensen IM, Morrow MM, Alvarez S, Martinez-Garcia M, De Luca A, Memo L, Zampino G, Rossi C, Seri M, Gelb BD, Zenker M, Dallapiccola B, Stella L, Prada CE, Martinelli S, Flex E, Tartaglia M
Title
Enhanced MAPK1 Function Causes a Neurodevelopmental Disorder within the RASopathy Clinical Spectrum.
Motta M, Fasano G, Gredy S, Brinkmann J, Bonnard AA, Simsek-Kiper PO, Gulec EY, Essaddam L, Utine GE, Guarnetti Prandi I, Venditti M, Pantaleoni F, Radio FC, Ciolfi A, Petrini S, Consoli F, Vignal C, Hepbasli D, Ullrich M, de Boer E, Vissers LELM, Gritli S, Rossi C, De Luca A, Ben Becher S, Gelb BD, Dallapiccola B, Lauri A, Chillemi G, Schuh K, Cave H, Zenker M, Tartaglia M
Title
SPRED2 loss-of-function causes a recessive Noonan syndrome-like phenotype.
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (GINGF) is a rare autosomal dominant overgrowth condition characterized by a benign, slowly progressive, nonhemorrhagic, fibrous enlargement of maxillary and mandibular keratinized gingiva. Four gene loci have been mapped for autosomal dominant GINGF. Although the molecular basis of GINGF remains largely unknown, a SOS1 gene mutation is identified. Recently, it has been reported that REST final-exon-truncating mutations cause GINGF.
Category
Digestive system disease
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
13 Diseases of the digestive system
Diseases or disorders of orofacial complex
DA0D Certain specified disorders of gingiva or edentulous alveolar ridge
H01250 Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Signal transduction
nt06526 MAPK signaling
H01250 Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
Bayram Y, White JJ, Elcioglu N, Cho MT, Zadeh N, Gedikbasi A, Palanduz S, Ozturk S, Cefle K, Kasapcopur O, Coban Akdemir Z, Pehlivan D, Begtrup A, Carvalho CMB, Paine IS, Mentes A, Bektas-Kayhan K, Karaca E, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR
Title
REST Final-Exon-Truncating Mutations Cause Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis.
