PATHWAY: ko02025 Help
Entry Name Biofilm formation - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Description Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous advantages to microorganisms. The main key actors relevant in the regulation of biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa include cAMP/Vfr signaling, quorum sensing (QS) systems, Gac/Rsm pathway, and c-di-GMP signaling. cAMP/Vfr signaling regulates the transcription of hundreds of genes encoding diverse virulence factors, including the type 2 secretion system and type 3 secretion system and their associated toxins, type IV pili, and flagella. It is demonstrated that the accumulation of cAMP inhibits the attachment phase of biofilm formation. The QS systems are arranged hierarchically with the las system positively regulating both the rhl and PQS systems. These three QS systems are involved in the regulation of virulence factor production, biofilm maturation, and motility phenotypes. GacS/GacA two-component system is promoting the expression of two small regulatory RNAs, RsmY and RsmZ, which sequester the translational repressor RsmA. Titration of RsmA induces the production of sessile and biofilm determinants, whereas free RsmA leads to a planktonic and more virulent lifestyle. c-di-GMP is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger. Synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP is facilitated by diguanylate cyclases (DGC) and phosphodiesterases (PDE). High intracellular levels of c-di-GMP evoke the processes leading to the production of biofilm matrix, while a decrease in its level causes an increase in cell motility and transition into the planktonic forms of growth.
Class Cellular Processes; Cellular community - prokaryotesBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map ko02025 Biofilm formation - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Orthology K02398 flgM; negative regulator of flagellin synthesis FlgM
K02405 fliA, whiG; RNA polymerase sigma factor FliA
K02657 pilG; twitching motility two-component system response regulator PilG
K02658 pilH; twitching motility two-component system response regulator PilH
K02659 pilI; twitching motility protein PilI
K02660 pilJ; twitching motility protein PilJ
K03563 csrA; carbon storage regulator
K06596 chpA; chemosensory pili system protein ChpA (sensor histidine kinase/response regulator)
K06598 chpC; chemosensory pili system protein ChpC
K07678 barA, gacS, varS; two-component system, NarL family, sensor histidine kinase BarA [EC:2.7.13.3 ]
K07689 uvrY, gacA, varA; two-component system, NarL family, invasion response regulator UvrY
K10914 crp; CRP/FNR family transcriptional regulator, cyclic AMP receptor protein
K10941 flrA, fleQ, flaK; sigma-54 dependent transcriptional regulator, flagellar regulatory protein
K11444 wspR; two-component system, chemotaxis family, response regulator WspR [EC:2.7.7.65 ]
K11890 impM; type VI secretion system protein ImpM
K11891 impL, vasK, icmF; type VI secretion system protein ImpL
K11893 impJ, vasE; type VI secretion system protein ImpJ
K11895 impH, vasB; type VI secretion system protein ImpH
K11900 impC; type VI secretion system protein ImpC
K11901 impB; type VI secretion system protein ImpB
K11902 impA; type VI secretion system protein ImpA
K11903 hcp; type VI secretion system secreted protein Hcp
K11907 vasG, clpV; type VI secretion system protein VasG
K11913 fha1; type VI secretion system protein
K11915 stp1, pppA; serine/threonine protein phosphatase Stp1 [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
K12990 rfbF, rhlC; rhamnosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-]
K13061 rhlI, phzI, solI, cepI, tofI; acyl homoserine lactone synthase [EC:2.3.1.184 ]
K13487 wspA; methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein WspA
K13488 wspB; chemotaxis-related protein WspB
K13489 wspD; chemotaxis-related protein WspD
K13490 wspE; two-component system, chemotaxis family, sensor histidine kinase and response regulator WspE
K13491 wspF; two-component system, chemotaxis family, response regulator WspF [EC:3.1.1.61 ]
K16011 algA, xanB, rfbA, wbpW, pslB; mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase / mannose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:2.7.7.13 5.3.1.8 ]
K18099 rhlR, phzR; LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator RhlR
K18100 rhlA; rhamnosyltransferase subunit A [EC:2.4.1.-]
K18101 rhlB; rhamnosyltransferase subunit B [EC:2.4.1.-]
K18304 lasR; LuxR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator LasR
K19735 mvfR, pqsR; LysR family transcriptional regulator, quorum-sensing system regulator MvfR
K20258 lecA; PA-I galactophilic lectin
K20259 lecB; PA-IIL fucose-binding lectin
K20968 exsA; AraC family transcriptional regulator, exoenzyme S synthesis regulatory protein ExsA
K20969 rsmY; small regulatory RNA RsmY
K20970 rsmZ; small regulatory RNA RsmZ
K20971 ladS; two-component system, sensor histidine kinase LadS
K20972 retS; two-component system, sensor histidine kinase RetS
K20973 sagS; two-component system, sensor histidine kinase SagS [EC:2.7.13.3 ]
K20976 hptB; histidine phosphotransfer protein HptB
K20977 hsbR; two-component system, HptB-dependent secretion and biofilm response regulator
K20978 hsbA; HptB-dependent secretion and biofilm anti anti-sigma factor
K20987 pslD; polysaccharide biosynthesis/export protein PslD
K20997 pslA; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PslA
K20998 pslE; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PslE
K20999 pslF; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PslF
K21000 pslG; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PslG
K21001 pslH; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PslH
K21002 pslI; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PslI
K21003 pslJ; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PslJ
K21004 pslK; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PslK
K21005 pslL; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PslL
K21006 pelA; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PelA
K21007 pelB; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PelB
K21008 pelC; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PelC
K21009 pelD; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PelD
K21010 pelE; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PelE
K21011 pelF; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PelF
K21012 pelG; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PelG
K21025 fimX; multidomain signaling protein FimX
K23127 fimW; cyclic-di-GMP-binding protein
K25205 pslC; polysaccharide biosynthesis protein PslC
Compound C11837 N-Butyryl-L-homoserine lactone
C11848 2-Heptyl-3-hydroxy-quinolone
C18076 5'-Phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine
C20643 2-Heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone
C21201 N-3-Oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
Reference Authors Coggan KA, Wolfgang MC
Title Global regulatory pathways and cross-talk control pseudomonas aeruginosa environmental lifestyle and virulence phenotype.
Journal Curr Issues Mol Biol 14:47-70 (2012)
Reference Authors Rasamiravaka T, Labtani Q, Duez P, El Jaziri M
Title The formation of biofilms by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a review of the natural and synthetic compounds interfering with control mechanisms.
Journal Reference Authors Valentini M, Filloux A
Title Biofilms and Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) Signaling: Lessons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Other Bacteria.
Journal Reference Authors Hengge R
Title Principles of c-di-GMP signalling in bacteria.
Journal Reference Authors Liang ZX
Title The expanding roles of c-di-GMP in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides and secondary metabolites.
Journal Reference Authors Fulcher NB, Holliday PM, Klem E, Cann MJ, Wolfgang MC
Title The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Chp chemosensory system regulates intracellular cAMP levels by modulating adenylate cyclase activity.
Journal Reference Authors Marsden AE, Intile PJ, Schulmeyer KH, Simmons-Patterson ER, Urbanowski ML, Wolfgang MC, Yahr TL
Title Vfr Directly Activates exsA Transcription To Regulate Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System.
Journal Reference Authors Brencic A, Lory S
Title Determination of the regulon and identification of novel mRNA targets of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RsmA.
Journal Reference Authors Hsu JL, Chen HC, Peng HL, Chang HY
Title Characterization of the histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein B-mediated multistep phosphorelay system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.
Journal Reference Authors Guvener ZT, Harwood CS
Title Subcellular location characteristics of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GGDEF protein, WspR, indicate that it produces cyclic-di-GMP in response to growth on surfaces.
Journal Reference Authors Irie Y, Starkey M, Edwards AN, Wozniak DJ, Romeo T, Parsek MR
Title Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix polysaccharide Psl is regulated transcriptionally by RpoS and post-transcriptionally by RsmA.
Journal Related
