PATHWAY: ajm04940 Help
Entry
Name
Type I diabetes mellitus - Artibeus jamaicensis (Jamaican fruit-eating bat)
Description
Type I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and presented in a complex with MHC-II molecules on the surface of the APC. Then immunogenic signals from APC activate CD4+ T cells, predominantly of the Th1 subset. Antigen-activated Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFNgamma. They activate macrophages and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and these effector cells may kill islet beta-cells by one or both of two types of mechanisms: (1) direct interactions of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells with a beta-cell autoantigen-MHC-I complex on the beta-cell, and (2) non-specific inflammatory mediators, such as free radicals/oxidants and cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha, TNFbeta, IFNgamma).
Type I diabetes is a polygenic disease. One of the principle determining genetic factors in diabetes incidence is the inheritance of mutant MHC-II alleles. Another plausible candidate gene is the insulin gene.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Artibeus jamaicensis (Jamaican fruit-eating bat) [GN:
ajm ]
Gene
119038537 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119040562 SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119040793 SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119040794 SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119052984 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
119052987 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
119060698 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119061214 H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, A-D beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119062087 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119055692 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119055693 H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-S beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119055694 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119048626 rano class II histocompatibility antigen, A beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119056744 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119056745 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119049925 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119057940 SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
119046982 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
119064348 CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 isoform X1 [KO:K06470 ]
119035307 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
119035444 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, B-1 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119035883 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037417 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037803 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037804 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037805 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037806 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037808 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037809 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037811 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-C*0202 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037812 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037813 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037822 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-108 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119037824 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119042380 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
119058998 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
119052950 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
119052964 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
119052978 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F-like [KO:K06751 ]
119053723 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
119055211 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-C*0202 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
119048072 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
119063032 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119063033 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like [KO:K06751 ]
119055989 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
119056406 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119056410 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119056413 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
119065069 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119065880 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119065881 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119065882 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
119065883 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like [KO:K06751 ]
119065454 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
119057762 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Rabinovitch A, Suarez-Pinzon WL.
Title
Cytokines and their roles in pancreatic islet beta-cell destruction and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cox NJ, Wapelhorst B, Morrison VA, Johnson L, Pinchuk L, Spielman RS, Todd JA, Concannon P
Title
Seven regions of the genome show evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes in a consensus analysis of 767 multiplex families.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Davies JL, Kawaguchi Y, Bennett ST, Copeman JB, Cordell HJ, Pritchard LE, Reed PW, Gough SC, Jenkins SC, Palmer SM, et al.
Title
A genome-wide search for human type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Kawaguchi Y, Yamato E, Takekawa K, Nakagawa Y, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Shima K, Ogihara T.
Title
Class I HLA is associated with age-at-onset of IDDM, while class II HLA confers susceptibility to IDDM.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jaeckel E, Klein L, Martin-Orozco N, von Boehmer H.
Title
Normal incidence of diabetes in NOD mice tolerant to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nakayama M, Abiru N, Moriyama H, Babaya N, Liu E, Miao D, Yu L, Wegmann DR, Hutton JC, Elliott JF, Eisenbarth GS.
Title
Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kent SC, Chen Y, Bregoli L, Clemmings SM, Kenyon NS, Ricordi C, Hering BJ, Hafler DA.
Title
Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize an insulin epitope.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lieberman SM, DiLorenzo TP.
Title
A comprehensive guide to antibody and T-cell responses in type 1 diabetes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC.
Title
Granzyme B: a natural born killer.
Journal
Related pathway
ajm04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
LinkDB
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