Entry Name Asthma - Hipposideros armiger (great roundleaf bat)
Description Asthma is a complex syndrome with many clinical phenotypes in both adults and children. Its major characteristics include a variable degree of airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Inhaled allergens encounter antigen presenting cells (APC) that line the airway. Upon recognition of the antigen and activation by APC, naive T cells differentiate into TH2 cells. Activated TH2 stimulate the formation of IgE by B cells. IgE molecules bind to IgE receptors located on mast cells. The crosslinking of mast-cell-bound IgE by allergens leads to the release of biologically active mediators (histamine, leukotrienes) by means of degranulation and, so, to the immediate symptoms of allergy. Mast cells also release chemotactic factors that contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, whose proliferation and differentiation from bone marrow progenitors is promoted by IL-5. The activation of eosinophils leads to release of toxic granules and oxygen free radicals that lead to tissue damage and promote the development of chronic inflammation.
Class Human Diseases; Immune diseaseBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Hipposideros armiger (great roundleaf bat) [GN:
hai ]
Gene 109373047 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
109392411 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
109392415 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
109378577 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
109373106 H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-S beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
109373108 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
109373109 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
109377860 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
109377861 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
109377862 H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, A-F alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
109377863 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
109376897 SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
109376898 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
109378434 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
109378436 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
109376891 SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype C beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
109376893 rano class II histocompatibility antigen, A beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
109377864 SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
109378145 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
109379888 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160 ]
109377563 FCER1A; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha [KO:K08089 ]
109390007 MS4A2; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit beta [KO:K08090 ]
109376936 FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma [KO:K07983 ]
Compound C04598 2-Acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Reference Authors Busse WW, Lemanske RF Jr.
Title Asthma.
Journal Reference Authors Renauld JC.
Title New insights into the role of cytokines in asthma.
Journal Reference Authors Romagnani S.
Title The role of lymphocytes in allergic disease.
Journal Reference Authors Averbeck M, Gebhardt C, Emmrich F, Treudler R, Simon JC.
Title Immunologic principles of allergic disease.
Journal Reference Authors Conroy DM, Williams TJ.
Title Eotaxin and the attraction of eosinophils to the asthmatic lung.
Journal Reference Authors Effros RM, Nagaraj H.
Title Asthma: new developments concerning immune mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment.
Journal Reference Authors Barnes PJ.
Title Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Journal Reference Authors Holgate ST, Polosa R.
Title Treatment strategies for allergy and asthma.
Journal Reference Authors Valenta R.
Title The future of antigen-specific immunotherapy of allergy.
Journal Reference Authors Trivedi SG, Lloyd CM.
Title Eosinophils in the pathogenesis of allergic airways disease.
Journal Reference Authors Heinecke JW.
Title Eosinophil-dependent bromination in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Journal Related hai04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
hai04612 Antigen processing and presentation
hai04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
hai04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
hai04664 Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
